Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STRESS
Definition: Stress occurs when an individual cannot adequately respond to job or org. stimuli without damage (e.g., fatigue, worry, heart disease).
Established Research: Performance Stress (giving a speech, studying for a test) Conclusion: Nearly all work-induced stress is undesirable, not a bell-shaped curve
1. Corporate self-interest #1 Fringe benefit? Popular prescription drugs? How did stress get linked to health care costs? Control Data
2. Liability; workers compensation
Hy-Vee
GuideOne
GE: 878 employees received info on smoking cessation. Divided into non-compensated and compensated groups.
Compensated group got $100 for completing cessation program, $250 if they stopped w/in 6 months of being in the study and $400 if they remained smoke free 6 months later
The ship has sailed with respect to smoking bans at work and in the community. Can obesity management be far behind?
Programs to combat obesity on the rise (e.g., Google & Caterpillar put healthy food in vending machines, cafeterias charge less for healthy food) Alabama and S.C. will charge employees w/BMI > 35 $25/month for insurance that is otherwise free
1. U.S. President 2. Firefighter 3. Senior Executive 4. Taxi driver 5. Surgeon 10. Air Traffic Controller 20. Stockbroker
250. Music instrument repairer 249. Florist 246. Actuary 206. Computer Programmer 122. Mechanical Engineer 119. Economist 103. Market Researcher
Criteria: Overtime, quotas, deadlines, competitiveness, physical demands, hazards, initiative required, stamina, win-lose situations, and working in the public eye
Source: Wall Street Journal, 1996; based on 250 jobs; updated by Jobs Rated Almanac, 6 th ed. 2002
TYPES OF STRESS
1. Origins of stress
2. Non-work stress
3. Work stress
a. b. c. d. Air traffic controllers NASA workers OSHA layoff studies Accountants
Physical Environment Individual Factors Work overload Role conflict Role ambiguity Responsibility for others Underutilization of skills Resource inadequacy Group Factors Cohesion Conflict Satisfaction Org. Factors Climate Technology Control systems Job Design
Physiological Cholesterol Triglycerides Blood pressure Blood glucose Catecholamines Free radicals Behavioral Job satisfaction Career satisfaction Life satisfaction Performance Absenteeism Turnover Accidents Grievances Individual Differences (demographics & behavior) Heredity Age, Sex Education Occupation, Hours worked Health status Alcohol and tobacco use Exercise and diet Family support
Individual Differences (cognitive/affective) Type A/B Locus of control Tolerance for ambiguity Need for achievement Self-esteem Corporate Practices On-site child care EAPs Wellness programs
Coronary heart disease Rheumatic arthritis Ulcers Allergies Headaches Anxiety Depression Apathy Nervous exhaustion Alcoholism
(moderator factors)
PERSONALITY TRAITS
Type A High achievement orientation Aggressive Restless; impatient Constant sense of time urgency
Type B No time urgency or resulting impatience Feels no need to display/discuss achievements Plays for fun and relaxation Can relax without guilt
B
Patient
Emphasizes quantity
Works long hours
Tactful
Reflective
Rarely creative
Sometimes makes poor decisions because they work too fast
Creative
Make careful decisions
38%
47% 26%
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