Blowing

Blowing Pattern
 Functions

•De-Siliconisation
•De-Carburisation
•De-Phosphorisation
•Optimization of steel temperature
 Reactions

• The hot metal charge is refined by rapid oxidation reactions on

contact with the injected oxygen, under conditions far removed from
thermodynamic equilibrium with the other elements present:
• C + ½ O2 → CO
• Other oxidation reactions occurring during refining include:
• Si + O2 → SiO2
• 2P + (5/2)O2 → P2O5
• Mn + ½O2 → MnO
• Fe + ½O2 → FeO
• 2Fe + (3/2)O2 → Fe2O3
• These oxides combine with the other oxides charged (lime, dolomitic
lime) to form a liquid slag which floats on the surface of the metal
bath
Top Blowing
Bottom Blowing
 Converter blowing

Metal Slag
Gases

De-Siliconisation
De-Carburisation
De-Phosphorisation
End point control
Slag path
 Tap to tap time
• Scrap Charging  5 mins
• Hot metal charging  6 mins
• Oxygen Blowing  17mins
• Turn down and sampling  6 mins

• Tapping  6 mins
• Deslagging  3 mins
Total --- 45 mins
• Inspection  2 mins
 Tapping and Slag Control Dart

To limit High FeO BOF slag from entering into

Steel Ladle
High Aluminium Recovery
Higher Ferro-alloy recovery
Better steel Quality due to lesser inclusions
 Mass and Heat balance

Mass and heat balances are the basic tool for:

• charge calculation

• simulation of the refining path (evolution of steel

composition and temperature during the oxygen blow)
• adjustment of the composition of certain entities (slag,
…)
• adjustment of steel temperature

• diagnostic to evaluate materials and heat losses

Mass and Heat balance
 Consumption

• Oxygen 60 – 65 Nm3/t
• Lime 70 – 75 kg/t
• Dolomite 30 – 35 kg/t
• Iron ore 12 -15 kg/t
• Scrap 10%
 Commonly used terms

• Re-blow

• Slopping

• Steel Yield
Vessel Temperatures

1650 o C
 Converter
Process Steps
Tapping temp:
1600 - 1700 deg C.

Tap to tap time: 45 mins

 Lining protection
techniques
1. Avoid the most aggressive slags

2. Protective slag coating

3. Local repairs
Critical Areas

Tap hole
Tap Pad
Trunnion Drive side
Trunnion Non-Drive
side
Charge Pad
 Slag Splashing

Slag splashing is a process of coating of

left over slag on the refractory lining of
the vessel

It cools, solidifies, and creates a solid

layer of slag that serves as a
consumable refractory layer.

Initial Refractory Thickness : 900 mm

 Slag Mushrooming Selective Splashing

To increase the life of bottom plugs To splash the areas of localized erosion
Benchmarking
Organization Highest Heats Recorded
JSW Steel 13771
Bhilai Steel Plant 6200
Vizag Steel 4200
Durgapur Steel Plant 3438
Rourkela Steel Plant 3417
Bokaro Steel Ltd 2657

JFE Japan 8458

Bao Steel, China 9539
Whuang works, China 18114
Gas Cleaning
Steel Making
at
JSW
 Plant Facility for 4 mt
capacity
S
HMDS-1 L
A
MIXER-1 B
S
LHF-2
CONVERTER-1 CASTER-1 T
O
H
S
HM FROM COREX

HMDS-2 M

S
LHF-1
L
CONVERTER-2 CASTER-2 A
RH-OB B
MIXER-2 S

HMDS-3 E
X
P
O
R
T

CONVERTER-3 CAS-OB CASTER-3