You are on page 1of 11

FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANNING

Planning: Is an activity, it consist of process and various sub activities. Plan: Is a commitment to particular course of action believed

necessary to achieve specific results Government of India Five year


Plan) Planning is a process involves the determination of future course of

action, that is why an action, what action, how to take action and
when to take action. Terry defined as Planning is the selection and relating the facts making and using assumption regarding the future in the visualisation and formalisation of proposed activities believed necessary to achive the desired result.

Features of Planning:
1. Process rather than behaviour. 2. Primarily concerned with furure ( Forecasting) 3. It involves selection of suitable course of action 4. Undertaken in all levels of organisation 5. Is flexible 6. Planning is pervasive and continuous managerial function

NATURE OF PLANNING:
1. Planning : A Rational Approach Desired Status

Status

Gap Planning Required Current Status T1 T2

PLANNING FOR BRIDGING THE CURRENT AND DESIRED STATUS

2. Planning: An open system Approach

3. Pervasiveness of planning
CORPORATE OR ORGANISATION LEVEL PLAN

DIVISIONAL PLAN

DEPARTMENTAL PLAN

SECTIONAL PLAN

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

1. Primacy of Planning
. What kind of orgn structure to have
Which helps us know

PLANS
Objectives and how to achieve them

What kind of people we need and when How most effectively lead people By furnishing standards of Control

Which affect the kind of leadership

PLANNING IS THE FOUNDATION OF MANAGEMENT

2. To offset uncertainty and Change


3. To focus attention on objectives 4. To help in Coordination 5. To help in control 6. To increase organisational effectiveness

Identification or perception of Opportunities Establishing objectives Planning premises Identification of alternatives Establishing sequence of activities Formulation of supporting plans Choice of alternative plans Evaluation of Alternatives

STEPS IN PLANNING

TYPES OF PLANNING
Coverage of activities Importance of contents Time period involved Corporate and Functional Strategic and Tactical/ Operational Planning

Long Term and Short Term

Approach adopted

Proactive and Reactive Planning

Degree of formalization

Formal and Informal Planning

TYPES OF PLANS
MISSION OR PURPOSE OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES PROCEDURES AND RULES PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS BUDGET

QUOTAS AND TARGETS

BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING


1. Difficulty of Accurate Premising 2. Problems of Rapid Change 3. Internal inflexibilities

I.

Psychological inflexibilities

II. Policy and procedural inflexibility III. Capital Investment 4. External inflexibilities I. Political Climate II. Trade Unions III. Technological Change

Feature of good plan 1. Linked to long term objectives 2. Direction for action 3. Consistent 4. Feasible 5. Simplicity 6. Flexible I. Principle of flexibility II. Principles of navigational change MAKING PLANNING EFFECTIVE 1. Establish climate for planning 2. Initiative at top level 3. Participation in Planning process 4. Communication of planning

5. Time and cost factors


6. Failure of people in planning

elements
5. Integration of Long term and short term plans 6. An open system Approach

You might also like