Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Planning: Is an activity, it consist of process and various sub activities. Plan: Is a commitment to particular course of action believed
action, that is why an action, what action, how to take action and
when to take action. Terry defined as Planning is the selection and relating the facts making and using assumption regarding the future in the visualisation and formalisation of proposed activities believed necessary to achive the desired result.
Features of Planning:
1. Process rather than behaviour. 2. Primarily concerned with furure ( Forecasting) 3. It involves selection of suitable course of action 4. Undertaken in all levels of organisation 5. Is flexible 6. Planning is pervasive and continuous managerial function
NATURE OF PLANNING:
1. Planning : A Rational Approach Desired Status
Status
3. Pervasiveness of planning
CORPORATE OR ORGANISATION LEVEL PLAN
DIVISIONAL PLAN
DEPARTMENTAL PLAN
SECTIONAL PLAN
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
1. Primacy of Planning
. What kind of orgn structure to have
Which helps us know
PLANS
Objectives and how to achieve them
What kind of people we need and when How most effectively lead people By furnishing standards of Control
Identification or perception of Opportunities Establishing objectives Planning premises Identification of alternatives Establishing sequence of activities Formulation of supporting plans Choice of alternative plans Evaluation of Alternatives
STEPS IN PLANNING
TYPES OF PLANNING
Coverage of activities Importance of contents Time period involved Corporate and Functional Strategic and Tactical/ Operational Planning
Approach adopted
Degree of formalization
TYPES OF PLANS
MISSION OR PURPOSE OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES POLICIES PROCEDURES AND RULES PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS BUDGET
I.
Psychological inflexibilities
II. Policy and procedural inflexibility III. Capital Investment 4. External inflexibilities I. Political Climate II. Trade Unions III. Technological Change
Feature of good plan 1. Linked to long term objectives 2. Direction for action 3. Consistent 4. Feasible 5. Simplicity 6. Flexible I. Principle of flexibility II. Principles of navigational change MAKING PLANNING EFFECTIVE 1. Establish climate for planning 2. Initiative at top level 3. Participation in Planning process 4. Communication of planning
elements
5. Integration of Long term and short term plans 6. An open system Approach