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BACKGROUND :
Increase demand for electricity is a big issue of the day for many countries
HOWEVER :
Very high cost to install new power line Too difficult to acquire tower site & ROW Not enough time to built the new line Objections from inhibitants to build the new OH lines
SOLUTION :
Reconductoring existing line with
Replacing existing power conductor while preserving the original structure, typically leaves electric & magnetic fields unchanged as the physical spacing & their geometric arrangement remainly unchanged.
Durability of connectors & hardware operating at conductor temperature as high as 250 deg.C
ECONOMIC EVALUATION :
COMPARISON :
ACSR conductor :
Steel core surrounded by nearly pure Aluminum Continuous operation Al. typically limited to 100 deg.C to avoid weakening the Al. strand over time. Al & St are subject to tension load that can reach high level as wind & ice increase Al. Thermal expansion limits line sag at high electrical loadings.
HTLS conductor :
High strength core (St, St Alloy or composite material) surrounded by multiple layers of Al. or Al.Alloys Continuous operation Al. typically as high as 200 to 250 deg. C Gap type of Japanese HTLS conductor only at St. core is subject to tension load. Since Al. expand much faster than the core as the conductor temperature rise & surely go to compression and resulting sag & birdcaging (opening strands). Particular conductor such as composite core must be strong enough to avoid failure under severe ice & wind load No conductor can be said commercially available unless connector & hardware available. Increase the current capacity 1.6-2.0 times of ACSR
CONDUCTOR TYPE :
Trapezoidal Strands and Gaps GTACSR
Trapezoidal Strands
ACSR/TW ACSS/TW
ACCC/TW
Round Strands
ACSR/AS TACSR/AS
STACIR
ACCFR
ACCR
Reinforced Material
Steel
Al-Clad Steel
Invar
Carbon Fibre
Aluminum
2. (Z)TACSR :
Consisted of (Z)TAL wires (thermal-resistant Al.Alloy wire with zirconium added) strand over a core of galvanized steel wire. Same construction as conventional ACSR. Its not by design low sag conductor. The advantage : TAL --> AL. ALLOY NOT ANNEAL UP TO 150 Deg.C ZTAL --> AL. ALLOY NOT ANNEAL UP TO 210 Deg.C
3. (Z)TACIR :
Consisted of (Z)TAL wires (thermal-resistant Al.Alloy wire with zirconium added) strand over a core of Galvanized or Al.Clad Invar Alloy St wire . Same construction as conventional ACSR. INVAR is an iron-nickel alloy (Fe-36%Ni) with very small coeff. thermal expansion. ( one third of Galv. Or Al. Clad St wire). INVAR St. is not so strong as regular st, NOT RECOMMENDED in use at region where exposed by wind & ice load. Installation method & hardware accessories are virtually similasr as those used by conventional ACSR. Continuous temp. up to 200 deg.C Reconductoring, in most case allow an increase of at least 30% thermal rating. Premium cost is at least 300% of normal ACSR.
Two layer construction of Thermolign Dead End has been succesfully in installation of ACCR conductor
2 steps compression procedure just like ACSR compression type, the difference is only the use of Aluminum insert inside the steel of end fitting to provide the strong bond bw core of ACCR and steel sleeve
4. Special Installation
5. Hardware accesories Those are virtually same as regular ACSRs hardware accessories except dead end that are one size larger than those use in ACSR to allow for the increased current-carrying capacity. AGS is succesfully well proven suspension clamp accessories to install with HTLS conductor.
6. Hardware accesories cont In locations with large variations in span length or height, semi strain system for connection support is an option. In order to assure proper performance of the conductor, semi strain type suspension must be installed every three suspension spans.
7. ACCC (CTC) :
Consisted of Fully annealed Aluminum wires strand over of composite carbon/glass fiber core. Laboratory tested. Special hardware accessories and conductor handling due to its lowest modulus elasticity of core. Application at location which exposed by wind / ice load is questionable Max. continuous temperature 210-240 deg.C Reconductoring, in most case allow an increase of at least 30% thermal rating. Increase current capacity 2.0 times of regular ACSR conductor. Approximate premium cost is unknown.
Aluminum
Aluminum
Composite Core
Composite Core ACCC Conductor
Special feature of ACCC : 1. The core is unique among HTLS or conventional conductor because its much lower flexibility. Comparison of Reinforce wire / core
No Item Unit Steel Al Clad Steel 1275 1.5 10 6.59 16519 12.6 20.3 Invar/AI Composite
01
02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Tensile Strength
Elongation Weight of Zinc Coating Aluminum thickness * Density Modulus of elasticity Coefficient of linear expansion Conductivity
N/mm
% g/mm % g/cm3
1410
4 >260 7.78 21108 11.5 8
1080
1.5 10 7.1 15500
2161
1.9 11900 1.61 0
kg/mm
X 10-6/C %IACS
3.7
15
Special feature of ACCC : 2. For such reason special conductor handling is required due to its lowest modulus elasticity , special care & attention to not sharply bend.
3. Because the annealed aluminum is soft, additional emphasis should be not to give scuff on surface of Aluminum conductor.
Dc
= outside diameter of the conductor = diameter of the bottom of the groove of the sheave where the conductor touches = not less than 20 x Dc
dg
Rg
Ds
Rg
= groove radius
= not less than 0.55 x Dc = not more than 1.1 x Dc for two layer ACCC Conductor = not more than 0.75 x Dc for three layer ACCC conductor = not more than 0.625 x Dc for four layer ACCC conductor
dg Commercial Size
Deadend Body
Steel Eye
Collet
Splice Body
Inner Sleeve
Collet
Thank You