Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Computer Hardware:
Input device Output device CPU Memory Storage Communication device
1
What Is Input?
Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer
An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer
The Keyboard
A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer
The Keyboard
Most desktop computer keyboards have
The Keyboard
The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear
The Keyboard
Wired Keyboards
Wireless Keyboards
USB port
Bluetooth
IrDA
7
The Keyboard
An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of wrist and hand injuries Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 5, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Ergonomics below Chapter 5
The Keyboard
Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller and/or have fewer keys Some phones have predictive text input, which saves time when entering text using the phones keypad
Pointing Devices
10
Mouse
A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably
Most widely used pointing device on desktop computers
11
Trackball
Touchpad
A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion
Pointing Stick
A pointing stick is a pressuresensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on a keyboard
12
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 5, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Multi-Touch Screens below Chapter 5
13
14
Pen Input
With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 5, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Signature Capture Pads below Chapter 5
15
Sheet-fed
Drum
16
17
18
19
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 5, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Bar Code Readers below Chapter 5
20
Employee wardrobes
Airline baggage
Managing inventory
21
23
Digital Cameras
A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally
Point-and-shoot camera
Page 272 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 5 25
Digital Cameras
26
Digital Cameras
Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos:
Resolution
Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pictures in a display device A pixel is the smallest element in an electronic display
Each pixel consists of one or more bits of data The more bits used to represent a pixel, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented
27
Voice Input
Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone Voice recognition is the computers capability of distinguishing spoken words
28
Voice Input
Audio input is the process of entering any sound into the computer
Speech
Music
Sound Effects
Page 274 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 5 29
Voice Input
Music production software allows users to record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds
30
Video Input
Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computers storage medium
Record video on a digital video (DV) camera or use a video capture card to convert analog signals to digital
Page 275
31
Video Input
32
Video Input
A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that enables a user to:
Capture video and still images
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 5, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Web Cams below Chapter 5
33
Video Input
A video conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people
34
Biometric Input
Biometrics authenticates a persons identity by verifying a personal characteristic
Fingerprint reader Voice verification system Face recognition system Signature verification system Retinal scanners
Pages 282 - 283 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 5 35
Biometric Input
hand geometry system
fingerprint reader
36
Terminals
A terminal is a computer that allows users to send data to and/or receive information from a host computer
An automated teller machine (ATM) allows users to access their bank accounts
37
What Is Output?
Output is data that has been processed into a useful form
38
What Is Output?
An output device is any type of hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
Display devices Printers Speakers, headphones, and earbuds Data projectors
Interactive whiteboards
Tactile output
Page 305
39
Display Devices
A display device visually conveys text, graphics, and video information A monitor is packaged as a separate peripheral
LCD monitor Widescreen
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Widescreen LCD Monitors below Chapter 6
40
Display Devices
Liquid crystal display (LCD) uses a liquid compound to present information on a display device
Page 308
41
Display Devices
A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube
Have a much larger footprint than do LCD monitors
42
Printers
A printer produces text and graphics on a physical medium
Printed information is called a hard copy, or printout Landscape or portrait orientation
43
Printers
44
Printers
A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper
Ink-jet printers Photo printers Label and postage printers Laser printers Thermal printers Largeformat printers
45
Mobile printers
Plotters
Page 315
Printers
An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
Color or black-and-white Printers with a higher dpi (dots per inch) produce a higher quality output
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Ink-Jet Printers below Chapter 6
46
Printers
47
Printers
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Photo Printers below Chapter 6
48
Printers
Highspeed
Blackandwhite
Laser printer
Highquality
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Laser Printers below Chapter 6
Color
49
Printers
A multifunction peripheral (MFP) is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes
Sometimes called an all-in-one device
50
Printers
A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper
51
Printers
A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a notebook computer, smart phone, or other mobile device
52
Printers
A label printer is a small printer that prints on adhesive-type material A postage printer prints postage stamps
Postage also can be printed on other types of printers
53
Printers
Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints on a larger scale
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Large-Format Printers below Chapter 6
54
Printers
Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper
Dot-matrix printer
Pages 322 - 323
Line printer
55
Printers
A dot-matrix printer produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon A line printer prints an entire line at a time
56
57
58
59
Voice output occurs when you hear a persons voice or when the computer talks to you through the speakers
Some Web sites dedicate themselves to providing voice output Often works with voice input VoIP uses voice output and voice input
Page 325
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World
60
Tactile output
61
62
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 6, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click SMART Board below Chapter 6
63
64
Processor
The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Multi-core processor
Page 213
Dual-core processor
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4
Quad-core processor
65
Processor
66
Processor
The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Control Unit below Chapter 4
Page 214
67
Processor
For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle
68
Processor
Most current personal computers support pipelining
Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction
69
Processor
The processor contains registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions
Page 216
70
Processor
The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Multi-Core Processors below Chapter 4
71
Processor
A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up Require additional cooling
Heat sinks Liquid cooling technology
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Liquid Cooling below Chapter 4
72
Memory
Each location in memory has an address Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
73
Memory
The system unit contains two types of memory:
Volatile memory
Loses its contents when power is turned off
Nonvolatile memory
Does not lose contents when power is removed Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
74
Memory
Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
75
Memory
RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots
76
Memory
The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on the types of software you plan to use
77
Memory
Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows ReadyBoost below Chapter 4
78
Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click ROM below Chapter 4
Page 228
79
Memory
Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten
CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes little power
80
Storage
Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use A storage medium is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Pages 352 - 353 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 7 81
Storage
82
Storage
Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
83
Storage
A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
Reading is the process of transferring items from a storage medium into memory Writing is the process of transferring items from memory to a storage medium
Page 354 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 7 84
Hard Disks
A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information
85
Hard Disks
Hard disks can store data using longitudinal recording or perpendicular recording
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Perpendicular Recording below Chapter 7
86
Hard Disks
Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk
87
Hard Disks
RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a group of two or more integrated hard disks A network attached storage (NAS) device is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Network Attached Storage below Chapter 7
88
Hard Disks
An external hard disk is a separate freestanding hard disk that connects to your computer with a cable or wirelessly A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and remove from a drive Internal and external hard disks are available in miniature sizes (miniature hard disks)
Pages 360 361 Figures 7-14 7-15
89
Last longer
90
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Solid State Drives below Chapter 7
91
microSD
microSDHC
xD Picture Card
Memory Stick
Page 364
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click SDHC Cards below Chapter 7
93
94
95
Cloud Storage
Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer users
96
Cloud Storage
97
Optical Discs
An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music Read only vs. rewritable
98
Optical Discs
A CD-ROM can be read from but not written to
Read from a CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player
A CD-R is a multisession optical disc on which users can write, but not erase
A CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc
Must have a CD-RW drive
99
Optical Discs
A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase
Requires a DVD-ROM drive
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Blu-ray below Chapter 7
Page 376
101
102
103
104
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Enterprise Storage below Chapter 7
105
Communications
Computer communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information
Sending device
Communications channel
Receiving device
Page 460
106
Communications
107
Communications Devices
A communications device is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device A dial-up modem converts signals between analog and digital
Page 485
108
Communications Devices
A digital modem sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
DSL modem
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 9, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Cable Modems below Chapter 9
Cable modem
Page 486
109
Communications Devices
110
Communications Devices
A wireless modem uses the cell phone network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a notebook computer, a smart phone, or other mobile device
111
Communications Devices
A network card enables a computer or device to access a network Available in a variety of styles Wireless network cards often have an antenna
112
Communications Devices
A wireless access point is a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network
113
Communications Devices
A router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network Many are protected by a hardware firewall
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 9, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Wireless Routers below Chapter 9
114
Communications Devices
A hub or switch connects several devices in a network together
115