USIT Client Log Features Interpretation

USIT Log features USIT Microdebonding
What to look for in a USIT log
February-2003 Javier Peyrire
T able of contents
Table of Contents Common formats Cement evaluation examples
Good Cement Mud Channel Traces of Cement Cement and Squeeze Light Cement Wet Microannulus
2 3 5
5 6 7 8 9 10
USIT Image Interpretation and guide Other Effects (examples)

Casing shape and wear Third Interface reflection Centralizers
11 13
14 18 19
To Remember about USIT Microdebonding

Background Information Examples Theory and algorithm Examples of microdebonded logs Limitations and advice
20 21
22 24 28 31 35
To remember about Microdebonding Microdebonding References
37 38
2 JP Version 1 14-Feb-03
USI combined casing + cement presentation

QC Casing Cement
Channel
Bond index
Cement raw Thickness image Thickness Internal radius Casing cross-section Amplitude Processing flags Eccentering, CCL, gamma Ray
Cement interpreted
USI + CBL/VDL cement presentation

QC CBL USI VDL
CBL
VDL Bond index Acoustic impedance Cement image interpreted CBL, Gamma Ray Process flags, eccentering
Good cement
CBL flat, low
Mean AI 8 MRayl
Weak casing arrival
Strong formation arrival
QC
CBL
USI
VDL
The AI value depends on the type of cement

Mud channel and contaminated cement

CBL variable, high
Strong casing arrival Weak formation arrival
Channel
Low-Z cement
QC
CBL
USI
VDL
Partial cementation
Weak formation arrival CBL flat, high Strong casing arrival
Traces of contaminated cement
QC
CBL
USI
VDL
Patches of cement within fluid

Channel and Squeeze

Channel After squeeze
Perfs
USI
CBL
USI
BI
VDL
USI
BI
VDL
Light cement top

Low impedance
0-4 MRayl scale shows contrast between light cement and liquid
Liquid/solid threshold set low (2.1) for light cement

CBL agrees with USI
0 100
0-4 Threshold MRayl 2.1 MRayl
Wet microannulus
USI is weakly affected CBL reads near free pipe
Strong, regular casing arrival High CBL
Uniform medium-Z USI
USI
BI
VDL
USI image interpretation

High Z
Patchy
Gas
Cement
Liquid Medium Microdebonded Cement Light or contam. Cement Cement data Mud channel Mud layer + cement Dry microannulus (Debond) Extended
Localised
Gas entry if gas zone Narrow
Gas channel
Squeeze
No Squeeze
USI and CBL/VDL guide

USI
Resolution Well bonded cement Very light cement Dry microann. Debonded cement Wet microann. Mud layer Contaminated cement Mixed lead/tail cement Mud channel Gas channel 0.6 in to 1.2 in. Cement Low contrast [special processing if debonded] Dry microann. /gas (special processing) Slightly affected Channel Low-Z cement Mixed lead/tail Channel Gas channel
CBL/VDL
360 deg. x 3 ft Cement Low contrast from mud Good/fair bond
Ambiguous Ambiguous Ambiguous Ambiguous Ambiguous Cement/ambiguou s VDL qualitative Strongly affected
Formation bond Not seen Outer casing/ hard formation Casing condition Mud attenuation Third interface arrival (not affected) Very sensitive
Slightly sensitive
< 12 dB/cm/MHZ
No strict limit
Other effects
Casing effects Third arrival effects (formation) Centralizers effect
Casing shape effects

Manufacturing patterns often affect cement image slightly Does not affect interpretation
Am p Int rad. Cement
Formation reflections
Poor casing condition affects cement evaluation

Processing flags Echo amplitude shows rugosity Red Gas indications
QC
Casing
Cement
Processing flags and amplitude image show that gas indications are an artifact of internal rugosity
15 JP Version 1
Casing wear can affect cement image

Drill pipe wear creates false channel
Wear groove
False channel
QC
Casing
Cement
Deformed casing
Deformed casing can cause lost echoes and tool eccentering. Even the eccentering curve becomes false. The log must be repeated with a wider Window acquisition window.
Echoes outside acquisition window
Max/min TT Eccentering
TT histogram
Lost echoes
QC
Casing
Cement
ThirdNarrow interface reflections

side of annulus
Channel Galaxy pattern
Int. radius
Thickness
Cement
Typical galaxy patterns: interference between casing resonance and reflections from outer casing (here) or hard formation. In this example, it shows good cement except in free pipe when the casing is close to the formation
Centralizers and good cement

USI usually sees centralizers Important to verify if casing properly centralized
Casing joint
Centralizer
To remember about USIT

USIT-CBL together: gives an answer for most of the cases The casing condition will affect the log The cement quality is evaluated real time
USIT Micro-debonding
Introduction, description, advice
Background information
USIT gives a value of the Acoustic Impedance (AI) of the media behind the casing In general:
AI gas < 0.3 MRay AI liquid < 2.6 Mray (water around 1.5M ray) AI conventional cement > 2.6 MRay AI light cement, foam cement often < 2.6 MRay
Presentation
Presence of low impedance (gas or liquid range) spots/areas within the cement Multiple reasons (mixed with gas, fluid, temperature effects when hardening, light cement, foamed cement)
Act as a barrier to ultrasound

Patchy cement aspect, low bond etc
Example 1: patchy cement

Raw BI Interp
Patchy gas/ cement indicates micro-debonded cement (patchy dry micro-annulus)
Patches of Gas and Liquid
Patches of Good cement
Example 2: Extended dry microannulus

Debonded Cement
Raw BI Interp
Debonding can be extensive with low impedance variability and not associated with gas entry
Extended debond (reading gas)
Example 3: Gas Micrannulus

Raw BI Interp
Gas coming to surface of old storage well Old CBL showed almost 100%bond
Narrow gas channel Gas microannulus Good cement
New USI showed areas of debond (gas microannulus)
Micro-debond on USI and CBL

CBL less affected than USI without pressure
USI and CBL improve with pressure
Without pressure CBL With pressure
USI
USI
BI
VDL
USI
BI
VDL
Theory or Hypothesis
Gas and liquids have a homogeneous AI within the same medium Solids have a more heterogeneous AI repartition (Variable cement impedance is indicative of solids) Cement is a solid (when hardened) By comparing the AI of neighbouring points we can determine if it is a solid or a fluid
Micro-debonded cement processing

Vertical Deviation
Transducer spot size
Diagonal 1
Horizontal Deviation
Diagonal 2
If all 4 standard deviations > set thresholds
Data point is considered to be locally debonded

Micro-debond logic
Pixel Z AI Thresholds Micro-debonding algorithm
Cement
Liquid
< Thresh
OR > Thresh
Micro-D Gas
<Thresh
OR > Thresh
Micro-D
USI micro-debond logic

Classifies patchy low-impedance material as micro-debonded cement Helps interpretation of light and foam cement Low Formation
Micro-debond presentation
Conventional
CBL
arrivals
BI
Map
BI
Map
CBL
VDL
Micro-debond logic example

Automatically classifies patchy low-impedance material as micro-debonded cement
CBL
BI
Map
CBL
VDL
LiteCRETE 12 ppg cement

Gas entry from known gas zone Micro-debond logic shows cement is present
CBTBI
Debond logic
Threshol d map
BI
VDL
LiteCRETE Gasblok 10.3 ppg

Micro-debond logic shows cement is present
CB TBI
Raw map
BI
Debond logic
USI micro-debond logic limitations

Does not work with extended dry debond (gas microannulus)
Empirical threshold Need to tune threshold sometimes Can indicate debonding in a channel due to casing shape effects.
Logging advice
Normal cement Log with micro-debonding off Play-back with micro-debonding on if bad bond. Light/Foam Cement (low Acoustic Impedance) Log with micro-debonding on Play-back with micro debonding off to see the AI map (not hidden by the green micro-debonding flag)
To remember
Act as a barrier to ultrasound Vocabulary: Microdebond is the same as dry microannulus, gas microannulus or dry debond Indicates solid cement Often occur without gas entry even in double casing strings due to pressure or temperature changes Gas entry should only be suspected if in known gas zone, gas injector well near, or gas at surface
References
Microdebonding: what is it and does it provide hydraulic isolation?, Andrew Hayman 29 Nov. 2001 SPE 55649, Assessment of Foamed Cement Slurries Using Conventional Cement Evaluation Logs and Improved Interpretation Methods from Gary J. Frisch, William L. Graham and James Griffith (SPE, Halliburton) SPE 19538, Guidelines for Ultrasonic Cement-Sheath Evaluation from K. J. Goodwin (SPE, Mobil) Overcoming Interpretation Problems of GasContaminated Cement Using Ultrasonic Cement Logs from R.J. Butsch (SPE, Schlumberger) The Evaluation of Specialized Cements from R.J. Butsch et al. (SPE, Schlumberger)

USIT Client Log Features Interpretation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

USIT Client Log Features Interpretation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

USIT Log features USIT Microdebonding

What to look for in a USIT log

February-2003 Javier Peyrire

USIT Image Interpretation and guide Other Effects (examples)

To Remember about USIT Microdebonding

To remember about Microdebonding Microdebonding References

USI combined casing + cement presentation

USI + CBL/VDL cement presentation

Weak casing arrival

Strong formation arrival

The AI value depends on the type of cement

Mud channel and contaminated cement

Traces of contaminated cement

Patches of cement within fluid

Channel and Squeeze

Light cement top

Liquid/solid threshold set low (2.1) for light cement

0-4 Threshold MRayl 2.1 MRayl

Strong, regular casing arrival High CBL

Uniform medium-Z USI

USI image interpretation

Gas entry if gas zone Narrow

USI and CBL/VDL guide

Casing shape effects

Poor casing condition affects cement evaluation

Casing wear can affect cement image

ThirdNarrow interface reflections

Channel Galaxy pattern

Centralizers and good cement

To remember about USIT

Introduction, description, advice

Act as a barrier to ultrasound

Example 1: patchy cement

Patchy gas/ cement indicates micro-debonded cement (patchy dry micro-annulus)

Patches of Gas and Liquid

Patches of Good cement

Example 2: Extended dry microannulus

Example 3: Gas Micrannulus

New USI showed areas of debond (gas microannulus)

Micro-debond on USI and CBL

Micro-debonded cement processing

Transducer spot size

If all 4 standard deviations > set thresholds

Data point is considered to be locally debonded

USI micro-debond logic

Micro-debond logic example

LiteCRETE 12 ppg cement

LiteCRETE Gasblok 10.3 ppg

USI micro-debond logic limitations

You might also like