GPRS Principle V2.0

Internal
GPRS Principle
V 2.0
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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GPRS principle is the basic part of the whole GPRS system and the succeeding products learning. This slide will help us to understand the GPRS system networking and wireless subsystem etc.
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References
GPRS principle
31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU Technical
Manual-(V3.35)
GPRS protocol
0360 0464
GSM protocol
0816
0818
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Upon completion of this course, you will
be able to:
Know the GPRS system structure

Describe the GPRS important interfaces Understand the GPRS channel structures Master the GPRS relevant numbering
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Chapter 1 GPRS System Structure Chapter 2 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols Chapter 3 GPRS Wireless Subsystem
Chapter 4 GPRS Numbering

Chapter 5 GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)
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GSM Development Evolution
3G
2.5G 2G
57.6 kbps 9.6 kbps GSM 115 kbps GPRS 2 Mbps 384 kbps EDGE IMT-2000
HSCSD
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What is GPRS and EDGE?

Abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service. GPRS is an end-to-end packet switching technology provided on the basis
of GSM technology.
It has much interactive services with the existing GSM circuit switching
system.
GPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 171.2Kbps. EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)
EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)

EGPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 473.6Kbps.
ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched Data)
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GPRS system structure

SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC MSC/VLR SM-SC HLR EIR
SS7
Gs Gb
MS BSS
Gd
Gr Gn
Gf
Gc Gi
GGSN
FR
SGSN
Internet Gi
TE
Um Gn
ATM/ DDN/ ISDN/ Ethernet, etc
GGSN
X .25
TE
Gb
MS BSS
GPRS backbone
SGSN BG CG
FR
Um
Gp
Other PLMN
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GPRS MS
Class A
The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services.
Class B
The MS is attached on GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously but not enabling circuit switching and packet switching services at the same time.
services are selected automatically.
Class C
The MS is attached to either GPRS or other GSM services. Alternate use only. services are selected manually or default selected service.
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Functions of GPRS BSS

Packet wireless resources management function (RLC/MAC
protocol function)
System message broadcast Packet paging processing Wireless channel configuration Wireless resources allocation Wireless link monitoring
Power control
Channel coding/decoding control Cell rerouting control Uplink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)
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Functions of GPRS BSS

Gb interface processing function
Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface Mobility management (cell updating procedure) Downlink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)
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Packet processing functions of BTS

RF processing function
Function of physical layer of wireless interface
Channel coding/decoding and adjustment Packet logic channel mapping
time advance value self-adaptive adjustment

Uplink measurement Downlink power control execution
G-Abis interface processing function
Transmission of RLC/MAC control block and data block

Synchronization mechanism with TDMA block of PCU Uplink measurement report Transmission check
Other inner-band signaling functions

Packet processing functions of BSC

Packet wireless resource management function
Packet channel configuration TBF establishment procedure when PBCCH is not configured in the cell Circuit paging coordination
G-Ais interface physical layer switching

Pb interface switching function
Similar to the relative functions of PCU
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Functions of PCU
Packet wireless resource management function
(RLC/MAC protocol function)

Wireless resource management functions of GPRS BSS Circuit paging coordination
Function related with GPRS BTS
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Functions of PCU
Pb interface processing function
LAPD link between BSC and PCU
Layer-3 signaling between BSC and PCU

Gb interface processing function
Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface Mobility management (cell updating procedure) Downlink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)
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Position of PCU
Um CCU CCU BTS PCU BSC GSN Gb A
Abis CCU CCU BTS BSC Gb PCU GSN B
BTS CCU CCU
BSC PCU
GSN C
Gb CCU=Channel Codec Unit PCU= Packet Control Unit HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 16
Position of Huawei PCU
CCU
BTS
CCU
BSC
PCU
CCU
SGSN
BSC
Pb Abis
Gb
BTS
CCU
Um
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GSM(BSS side) upgrade to GPRS
Upgrade BTS software
Upgrade BSC software
Add PCU
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GPRS(BSS side) upgrade to EDGE
EDGE TRX
Upgrade BTS software and hardware - new EDGE TRX
Upgrade BSC software
Upgrade PCU software
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Functions of SGSN
Network access control (MS side)
Authentication Billing information collection IMEI check

Logic link management
SGSN-MS logic link management

Supporting acknowledged/unacknowledged transmission
Route management
SGSN-BSS data transmission route management Mobility management and session management
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Functions of SGSN
Route and tunnel transmission
Compression and decompression Encryption and decryption Storage and transfer of subscriber data Routing: executed with PDP context Address translation and mapping: including DNS and GGSN address induced from APN
Encapsulation and tunnel transmission
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Functions of GGSN
Network access control (external PDN side)
Message filtering
Billing information collection

Mobility management and session management Routing and transfer
Storage and transfer

Routing Address translation and mapping Encapsulation and tunnel transmission
Dynamic allocation of IP addresses
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Functions of CG
Real-time collection of GPRS bills Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills
Pre-processing of GPRS bills

Sending GPRS bills to the billing center
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Functions of BG
BG enables the following protocols necessary for interworking
between operators
Security protocol: IPSec and firewall are recommended Routing protocol: BGP is recommended Billing protocol: determined by the operators with negotiation; BG
might be needed in collecting billing information

It is normally based on routers It can be configured in combination with GGSN
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Functions of MSC/VLR
When Gs interface is installed, MSC/VLR can support
Establishment and maintenance of the association between
SGSN and MSC/VLR.

GPRS combined mobility management procedure.
Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment/detachment. Combined location area/routing area updating.

Circuit paging coordination function.
The wireless resource usage can be greatly improved.
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Functions of HLR/AUC
Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data
User authentication Providing location/routing information and processing needed
in mobility management and routing, for example:

Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address GPRS user location deletion indication Whether MS is reachable.
Subscriber tracing (optional)
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Functions of SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC
After Gd interface is installed, short messages can be sent via
GPRS, which reduces the occupation on SDCCH and cuts down the influence on voice services by SMS services.
The operator can select to send SMS via MSC or SGSN.
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Network interface types

SGSN
IP interface SS7 interface Gc
GPRS backbone network

Gn
GGSN
Gi
SGSN
Gd Gr MT Gs
PDP network (IP/X.25)
Gb
TE
Um
BSS
MSC
HLR
SMSGMSC
MS
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Data transmission plane

Application
IP/X.25 SNDCP LLC RLC MAC

RLC
IP/X.25
IP/X.25
relay
SNDCP
GTP
GTP UDP/TCP IP L2 L2 (MAC)
LLC relay
BSSGP
UDP/TCP IP L2
MAC Physical Layer
Network Service Physical Layer
BSSGP Service Network
Physical Layer
MS
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
GGSN
Um
BSS
Gb

SGSN
Gn
Gi
MAC: Media Access Control
BSSGP: BSS GPRS Protocol SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependency Convergence Protocol GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol
RLC: Radio Link Control

LLC: Logical Link Control
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MS-SGSN signaling plane

GMM/SM GMM/SM
LLC
relay Relay
LLC RLC
MAC GSM RF
RLC MAC GSM RF MS
BSSGP
Network Service L1bis
BSSGP Network Service L1bis
Um
BSS
Gb
SGSN
GMM: GPRS Mobility Management

SM: Session Management
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Functions of physical layer

Physical layer consists of RF sub-layer and physical link sub-layer
RF sub-layer
modulation and demodulation.
Physical sub-layer
error check, interleaving.
Radio channel measurement, including receiving signal level and quality

measurement, TA measurement, physical link layer congestion measurement. Radio management function, including cell selection and reselection
procedures, power control procedure of transmitter, battery power

management procedure, such as DRX.
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Functions of RLC/MAC
RLC/MAC layer service
The RLC/MAC function supports two modes of operation

Unacknowledged operation Acknowledged operation
RLC/MAC layer functions
The RLC function defines the procedures for segmentation and reassemble of LLC PDUs into RLC/MAC blocks and, in RLC acknowledged mode of operation, for the Backward Error Correction (BEC) procedures enabling the selective retransmission of unsuccessfully delivered RLC/MAC blocks.
The MAC function defines the procedures that enable multiple mobile stations to share a common transmission medium, which may consist of several physical channels. The function may allow a mobile station to use several physical channels in parallel, i.e. use several timeslots within the TDMA frame.
NS layer definition
The Network Service performs the transport of NS SDUs(Service Data
Unit ) between the SGSN and BSS.

The Network Service entity is composed of the Sub-Network Service
and the Network Service Control.
Network Service
Network Service Control / Network Service Control Protocol Sub-Network Service / Sub-Network Service Protocol
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NS layer composition
The Network Service Control
the peer-to-peer communication between remote NS user entities is performed over BSSGP Virtual Connections (BVCs). A BVC is a virtual communication path between Network Service user peer
entities.
The Sub-Network Service

The Network Service Control peer entities use the Sub-Network Service for communication with each other.
The peer-to-peer communication across the Gb interface between remote

Network Service Control entities is performed over Network Service Virtual Connections (NS-VCs). An NS-VC is a virtual communication path between Network Service Control
peer entities.
Functions of NS
NS is responsible for
NS SDU transmission The NS SDUs shall be transmitted on the NS-VCs. The NS SDUs are encapsulated into Network Service Control PDUs which in turn are encapsulated into Sub-Network Service PDUs. Load sharing The load sharing function distributes the NS SDU traffic amongst the available (i.e. unblocked) NS-VCs. NS-VC management A blocking procedure is used when an NS-VC becomes unavailable for NS user traffic. An unblocking procedure is used for the reverse operation. Network congestion indication Congestion reporting mechanisms available in the Sub-Network Service implementation shall be used by the Network Service to report congestion.
Functions of BSSGP
The primary function of BSSGP is to provide the radio-related,
QoS, and routeing information that is required to transmit user data between a BSS and an SGSN.
In the BSS, it acts as an interface between LLC frames and

RLC/MAC blocks. In the SGSN, it forms an interface between RLC/MAC-derived information and LLC frames.
A secondary function is to enable two physically distinct
nodes, the SGSN and BSS, to operate node management control functions.
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Functions of LLC
Logical Link Control (LLC): This layer provides a highly reliable
ciphered logical link between an MS and its SGSN. LLC includes functions for the provision of one or more logical link connections discriminated between by means of a DLCI. sequence control, to maintain the sequential order of frames across a logical link connection. detection of transmission, format and operational errors on a logical link connection. recovery from detected transmission, format, and operational errors. notification of unrecoverable errors. flow control. ciphering.
SGSN - MSC/VLR signaling plane

BSSAP+ SCCP BSSAP+ SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 Gs
MTP3
MTP2 L1
SGSN
MSC/VLR
Gs interface is the optional interface. It adopts BSSAP+ protocol to enable combined mobility management and
paging functions so as to improve the effective usage of wireless resources.

Network operation mode (Paging co-ordination)

Paging co-ordination means that the network sends paging messages for
circuit-switched services on the same channel as used for packet-switched services, i.e., on the GPRS paging channel or on the GPRS traffic channel, and the MS needs only to monitor that channel.
Mode Circuit Paging Channel
Packet Paging Channel Network Operation Mode I CCCH Paging Channel Packet Data Channel Network Operation Mode II Network Operation Mode III
GPRS Paging Channel

Packet Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel Not Applicable
Paging co-ordination
Yes (Gs interface is present, all MSCoriginated paging of GPRS-attached MSs shall go via the SGSN) No (Gs interface is not present, all MSCoriginated paging of GPRS-attached MSs shall go via the A interface)
CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
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Physical channel
The same as in GSM
The same frequency The modulation mode The same TDMA frame definition
IP/X25 SNDCP Application
The same burst pulse definition

LLC
RLC
RLC
MAC
Relay
The differences between GPRS and GSM The Multi-frame structure The channel coding
MAC Physical Layer MS
Frame relay Physical Layer
BSSGP
Physical Layer BSS
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Packet logic channels

Packet Data CHannel (PDCH)
Packet service channel Packet control channel
PBCCH
PCCCH
PDCCH
BCCH
PDTCH/U PDTCH/D
TCH
PPCH
PRACH
PAGCH
PNCH
PACCH PTCCH/U PTCCH/D
PCH, RACH, AGCH
SACCH
The specific type of PDCH (except PRACH) is determined by RLC/MAC head
and RLC/MAC control message type.

Channel abbreviation
Packet Data Traffic CHannel Uplink - PDTCH/U Packet Data Traffic CHannel Downlink - PDTCH/D
Packet Broadcast Control CHannel - PBCCH

Packet Common Control CHannel - PCCCH Packet Dedicated Control Channel - PDCCH Packet Paging CHannel - PPCH
Packet Random Access CHannel - PRACH

Packet Access Grant CHannel - PAGCH Packet Notification CHannel - PNCH Packet Associated Control CHannel - PACCH Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Uplink - PTCCH/U Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Downlink - PTCCH/D
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PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic CHannel)

PDTCH transmits the user data in the
mode of packet switching with a transmission rate of 0~22.8kbit/s.

All packet data traffic channels are uni-
Packet service channel
directional.
Uplink (PDTCH/U) for a mobile originated packet transfer. Downlink (PDTCH/D) for a mobile terminated packet transfer.
PDTCH/U
PDTCH/D
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PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control CHannel)

The PBCCH broadcasts parameters used by
the MS to access the network for packet transmission operation.

The PBCCH also carries the information
Packet control channel
transmitted via the BCCH to allow circuit switching operation. The MS in GPRS attached mode monitors the PBCCH only, if PBCCH is available, otherwise, the BCCH shall be used to broadcast information for packet operation. The existence of the PBCCH in the cell is indicated on the BCCH via SI13.
PBCCH
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PCCCH (Packet Common Control CHannel)

PPCH
Downlink only, used to page MS.

PRACH
PCCCH
Uplink only, used to request allocation of one or several PDTCH/Us or PDTCH/Ds.

PAGCH
Downlink only, used to allocate one or several PDTCHs.

PNCH
PPCH
PRACH
PAGCH
PNCH
Downlink only, used to notify MS of PTM-M call.

If no PCCCH is allocated, the information
for packet switching operation is transmitted on the CCCH. If a PCCCH is allocated, it may transmit information for circuit switching operation.
PDCCH (Packet dedicated control channels)

PACCH
Bi-directional, used to transmit the packet signaling in data transmission.

PTCCH/U
PDCCH
PACCH
Used to transmit random access bursts to allow estimation of the timing advance for one MS in packet transfer mode.
PTCCH/D
PTCCH/U
PTCCH/D
Used to transmit timing advance updates for several MS. One PTCCH/D is paired with several PTCCH/U's.
Combinations of packet logic channel

Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
With the increase of traffic, the packet public channel should be configured in the cell. Channel combination mode 1 and mode 2 should be adopted.
Mode 4: PBCCH+PCCCH
(PCCCH=PPCH+PRACH+PAGCH+PNCH
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS and circuit services use the same BCCH and CCCH in the cell. In this case, only combination mode 3 is needed in the cell.
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Mapping of packet logic channel

PDCH 52 multi-frame mapping
X = Idle frame
T = Frame used for PTCCH
B0 ~ B11 = Radio blocks
A radio block is a 4-normal-burst sequence that carries a RLC/MAC PDU (Protocol Data Unit).
The mapping of logical channels onto the radio blocks is defined by means of the
ordered list of blocks (B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11).
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DL
UL
SCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH FCCCH SCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH FCCCH SCH SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH4/(1) SDCCH4/(1) SDCCH4/(1) SDCCH4/(1) FCCCH SCH SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH4/(3) SDCCH4/(3) SDCCH4/(3) SDCCH4/(3) FCCCH SCH SACCH/C4(2) SACCH/C4(2) SACCH/C4(2) SACCH/C4(2) SACCH/C4(3) SACCH/C4(3) SACCH/C4(3) SACCH/C4(3) IDLE SDCCH4/(1) SDCCH4/(1) SDCCH4/(1) SDCCH4/(1) FCCCH SCH SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH$/(2) SDCCH4/(3) SDCCH4/(3) SDCCH4/(3) SDCCH4/(3) FCCCH SCH SACCH/C4(0) SACCH/C4(0) SACCH/C4(0) SACCH/C4(0) SACCH/C4(1) SACCH/C4(1) SACCH/C4(1) SACCH/C4(1) IDLE SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH/4(0) SDCCH/4(0) SCH FCCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH FCCCH SCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH FCCCH SCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH FCCCH SCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH IDLE CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH SCH SCH FCCCH FCCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH BCCH
Multi-frame structure comparison bet. PS and CS

SCH SCH
Figure 8a: TDMA frame mapping for FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
Figure 8b: TDMA frame mapping for FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4(0...3) + SACCH/4(0...3)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4
52 multi-frame mapping of Packet Switching logic channel
51 multi-frame mapping of Circuit Switching logic channel
PBCCH+PCCCH (BS_PBCCH_ BLKS=2BS_PAG_BLKS _RES=3 BS_PRACH_BLKS=4)
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Packet wireless channel configurations

Reason of adopting static PDCH
To enable that GPRS MS is constantly online in the cell. To ensure certain QoS of GPRS services.
Reason of adopting dynamic PDCH
GPRS and GSM share wireless resources.
Wireless resources should be adopted in priority; on the other hand,

QoS of voice services should be ensured. In a cell, the percentage of packet switching services and the percentage of circuit switching services are constantly changing.
Dynamic PDCH is not visible for voice services.
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Packet wireless channel configurations

General principles
The cell should be configured with static PDCH to enable MS to be normally attached on GPRS network as well as certain QoS of GPRS services. Dynamic PDCH should be configured according to the GPRS traffic forecast, which should be adjusted as TCH or PDCH usable in the operation process according to the cell traffic status. Circuit switching services can seize the channel used by GPRS services.
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Allocation of wireless packet resources

TS 0 B0 B1 B2
B3 B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
TS 1
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
TS 2
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
MS1
MS2
MS3
Wireless resource allocation and wireless transmission adopt the wireless block (BLOCK) as the basic unit.
Each PDCH can be used by several MSs; each MS can use multiple PDCHs at the same time.
Transmission principle of data packet on Um interface

Subscriber IP packet
SNDCP PDU
LLC PDU
RLC/MAC block
Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst
Physical layer LLC FCS
RLC/MAC head
LLC head
SNDCP head
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Subscriber data
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RLC/MAC block structure (GPRS)

RLC/MAC data block
An RLC/MAC block containing an RLC data block may be encoded using any of the available channel coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, or CS-4. RLC/MAC blocks encoded using CS-1 do not contain spare bits. RLC/MAC block RLC data block MAC header RLC header
RLC/MAC control block
RLC data unit
Spare bits
An RLC/MAC control blocks shall always be encoded using the coding scheme CS-1. RLC/MAC block MAC header

RLC/MAC block structure (EGPRS)

RLC/MAC data block
Dissimilar to GPRS
RLC/MAC block
RLC/MAC header RLC data block 1 RLC data block 2 (conditional)
Similar to GPRS
RLC/MAC block
MAC header RLC/MAC control block
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PDCH coding mode

Kbps
60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00
21.4 22.4 17.6 14.8 8.8 11.2 54.4 59.2
GPRS EGPRS
29.6
44.8
20.00
13.4
15.6
10.00 0.00
9.05
CS-1
CS-2 CS-3
CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2MCS-3MCS-4 MCS-5MCS-6 MCS-7MCS-8 MCS-9
GMSK
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8PSK
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Huawei EDGE test result

Downlink, 4 TS, MCS-9
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Medium access modes

Uplink resource allocation mode
Dynamic allocation : MS determines the blocks on each PDCH. Fixed allocation : fixed bit mapping is adopted to determine the allocated blocks in the allocation period. Extended dynamic allocation : MS determines the blocks on multiple PDCH. Either the Dynamic Allocation medium access mode or Fixed Allocation medium access mode shall be supported by all mobile stations and all networks that support GPRS. The support of Extended Dynamic Allocation is optional for the network.
Downlink resource allocation mode
Dynamic allocation and fixed allocation.

The difference between the dynamic mode and the fixed mode lies on the downlink measurement time scheduling reserved by MS.
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MS multi-TS ability
Concept of MS multi-TS ability
Definition: the multi-TS ability level is 1-29; the bigger the level, the stronger the multi-TS ability. three elements(1 <= Rx + Tx <= Sum):
Rx maximum receiving TS number (downlink TS)
Txmaximum transmission TS number (uplink TS)

Summaximum total TS number
BSS allocates resources according to the MS multi-TS ability,
requested QoS and current resource configuration.
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Power control
Power control can improve the spectrum usage and system capacity as
well as reduce MS power consumption.

As there is no continuous bi-directional connection in the packet data
transmission process, GPRS power control is very complicated.

Uplink power control includes open-loop and close-loop power control. About downlink power control, there is no specific definition in protocol. It
lies on the BTS and its algorithm needs information about downlink, so downlink power control needs MS sends channel quality reports to BTS.
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Network control modes

During the network controlled cell re-selection, the network may
request measurement reports from the MS and control its cell reselection. Hence, three types of mode are defined as follows:
NC0: Normal MS controls. The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection. NC1: MS control with measurement reports. The MS shall send measurement reports to the network. The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection. NC2: Network control. The MS shall send measurement reports to the network. The MS shall not perform autonomous cell reselection.
The network subsystem must support NC0 and should gradually
support NC1 and NC2.


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CGI
MCC
MNC LAC CI
Location Area Identification Cell Global Identification

MCC (Mobile Country Code): It consists of 3 digits .
For example: The MCC of China is "460"

MNC (Mobile Network Code): It consists of 2 digits .
For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00"

LAC (Location Area Code): It is a two bytes BCD code (hex).
The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid.

CI (Cell Identity): This code uses two bytes BCD code (hex) to identify
the radio cells within a LAI.

For example : 460-00-0011-0001
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RAI
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification
Routing area is the sub-set of the location area. In special cases, the two
areas are equal

The division of the routing area is related with traffic distribution and
SGSN processing ability
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BSIC
NCC
BCC
Base Station Identification Color Code
NCC(PLMN Network Color Code): It comprises 3 bits.
It allows various neighboring PLMNs to be distinguished.

BCC(BTS Color Code): It comprises 3 bits.
It allows distinctions between different radio frequency channels

using the same frequency in neighboring cells.
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GMM concept
Routing area: subset of location area Mobility management entities: SGSN, HLR and MS
GMM context
MS identification/ MS location information (routing area ID, cell ID) Current service SGSN address, VLR number (MS only) Encryption algorithm and authentication parameter GMM status
GMM status
Idle: GMM context is not established; MS is not reachable. Standby: GMM context is established; MS can receive paging but cannot implement data transmission. Ready: MS can implement data transmission.
GMM status models

MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
IDLE IDLE
GPRS Attach
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach
GPRS Detach or Cancel Location
READY
Implicit Detach or Cancel Location
READY
READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY
PDU transmission
READY timer expiry or PDU Force to STANDBY reception or Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY
STANDBY
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Major functions of GMM

General functions
GPRS attachment: MM context is established; MM status is changed to ready. GPRS detachment: MM context is deleted; MM status is changed to idle. Originated by MS or network side. Security function: authentication, encryption, identification check, etc. Location management: routing area updating periodical routing area cell updating Specific functions at the network side GMM context clearing in cooperation with HLR Combined location updating and combined paging in cooperation with MSC/VLR
Cooperation between GMM and MM

Objectives
To improve the effective usage of wireless resources To reduce the network signaling traffic
Pre-condition
SGSN and MSC/VLR support Gs interface

Functions
Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment
Combined IMSI/GPRS detachment

Combined routing area/location area updating (including periodical)
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Summary
GPRS System Structure GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols GPRS Wireless Subsystem GPRS Numbering GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)
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31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU Technical

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Upon completion of this course, you will

Know the GPRS system structure

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Chapter 4 GPRS Numbering

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GSM Development Evolution

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What is GPRS and EDGE?

EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)

ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

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GPRS system structure

ATM/ DDN/ ISDN/ Ethernet, etc

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Functions of GPRS BSS

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Functions of GPRS BSS

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Packet processing functions of BTS

Channel coding/decoding and adjustment Packet logic channel mapping

time advance value self-adaptive adjustment

Transmission of RLC/MAC control block and data block

Other inner-band signaling functions

Packet processing functions of BSC

G-Ais interface physical layer switching

Similar to the relative functions of PCU

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(RLC/MAC protocol function)

Function related with GPRS BTS

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LAPD link between BSC and PCU

Layer-3 signaling between BSC and PCU

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Abis CCU CCU BTS BSC Gb PCU GSN B

BTS CCU CCU

Position of Huawei PCU

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GSM(BSS side) upgrade to GPRS

Upgrade BTS software

Upgrade BSC software

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GPRS(BSS side) upgrade to EDGE

Upgrade BTS software and hardware - new EDGE TRX

Upgrade BSC software