Writing research report (Thesis) & Vancouver style A. B.

Patidar Lecturer, CON,DMCH

Before we move ahead. . .

How many of you have completed a study? Do you have shared your findings with others?

Have you confirm that your findings are being used by others as EBP?

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Agenda of presentation
1. 2. Need of the reporting Types of the reporting outlets Characteristics of good thesis Outline of thesis Preliminary section Main body
Chapter I Introduction Chapter II- Review of literature Chapter III- Methodology Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation Chapter V Discussion

3. Supplementary section Referencing: Vancouver style for citing a journal article

Need of reporting
Research is a costly endeavor. No study is complete until the findings have been written and shared with others in form of a research report. Reporting contribute to the base of evidence for nursing practice

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Research report
Communication and dissemination outlet of summarized research findings. Communication outlets are
Theses and dissertations Term papers Journal articles On-line publications Report to funder Professional conferences- Oral report / Poster session

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Thesis
A long piece of writing, a formal paper, discussed in a logical way, completed by a student as a part of a university degree, based on his/her own original research. Interchangeable with dissertation.

Oxford dictionary, 8th ed, 2009 8/12/2013

Why thesis?
Share with wide number of people Critique Replication Evidence based practice
Requirement of a particular course- B Sc (N) / M Sc (N)/ M Phil/ Ph D

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Characteristics of good thesis

Clarity Concise Complete in information Accurate Interesting Attractive, neat and clean Objectivity and Honesty

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Very important
Most universities have a preferred format for their thesis. Follow your university format.

Please log on to www.bfuhs.ac.in

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Outline of thesis
1. Preliminary section 2. Main body 3. Supplementary section

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1. Preliminary section
Title page Endorsement by the HOD, principal/head of the institution Certificate by the guide, co-guide Declaration by the candidate Copyright certificate Acknowledgment Abstract Preface / forward Table of contents List of annexure List of tables List of figures List of abbreviations & symbols used
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STUDY TITLE 16-18, CENTERED, UPPER/ LOWER CASE

A STUDY TO EXAMINE SUBSTANCE MISUSE AMONG PATIENTS HAVING SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ITS

EFFECT ON THEIR CLINICAL AND

FUNCTIONAL STATUS

University logo

Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Name of the university in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Thesis submitted to the faculty of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (Psychiatric Nursing)

14-16 Upper/ Lower Case

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (Put your specialty branch) Month & year of submission
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PUT YOUR GUIDE NAME

March 2010 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. SANDHYA GUPTA

BY SUSHIL KUMAR MAHESHWARI COLLEGE OF NURSING AIIMS, NEW DELHI

BY NAME OF CANDIDATE COLLEGE NAME CITY

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ENDORSEMENT BY THE HOD, PRINCIPAL OF THE INSTITUTION This is to certify that the thesis entitled <----------------------------------------------

---------------------------- Study Title--------------------------------------> " is a

bonafide research work done by Name of the Candidate under the guidance of Name & designation of the Guide
Seal & Signature of the HOD Name Date : Place: 8/12/2013 Seal & Signature of the Principal Name Date : Place:

CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled <----------------------------- Study

Title-----------------------------------------------------------------------> " is a
bonafide research work done by ----Name of the Candidate----- in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in

Nursing -----put your specialty----.

Signature of the Guide Name Designation & Department Date : Place: 8/12/2013

Signature of the Co-Guide

Name
Designation & Department

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled <-----------------------------Study Title---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->" is a bonafide and genuine research work carried out by me under the guidance of ------Name & designation of the Guide------.

Date :

Place:

Signature of the Candidate Name

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COPYRIGHT CERTIFICATE Declaration by the Candidate I hereby declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka shall have the rights to preserve, use and

disseminate this thesis in print or electronic format for academic /

research purpose.
Date : Place: Signature of the Candidate

Name

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka 8/12/2013

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Mention persons who have made substantial contribution to the study but whose contribution does not qualify them for authorship. Might include your guide, co guide, principle/HOD, faculty, statistician, friends, organization, funding agency, family, and off course patients or study participants. Not lengthy, one page & signed.
Date : Place: 8/12/2013 Signature of the Candidate Name

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS USED Use only standard abbreviations

Do not use abbreviations in the title

Specify abbreviation in full when it comes 1st time in text. In alphabetical order

1. 2. 3.

anon- Anonymous et. el.- and others illus- Illustrated a

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Abstract
First point of contact with readers about findings, so deserve careful attention. Written brief description of research problem, methods and finding of the study, so readers can decide whether to read the entire thesis.
Traditional (unstructured) paragraph Structured with sub headings.

Include key words that will help others to locate your study, should indexed in Medline or CINAHL.

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STRUCTURED ABSTRACT (Max. 150-250 words)

Background & Objectives Methods Results Interpretation & Conclusion Keywords: (Max. 10, Each keyword should be separated by semicolon ;)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Contents I INTRODUCTION Background of the study Need for the study Statement of the problem Objectives Assumptions Operational definitions Conceptual framework II REVIEW OF LITERATURE III METHODOLOGY Research approach Research design Setting Population Sample and sampling technique Data collection tools and techniques Ethical clearance Method for data collection Pilot study Data analysis IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION V DISCUSSION REFERENCES ANNEXURE Page No. 1-5 5-6 6 6 7 7-8 8-12 13-32 33 33 33 33 34 35 40 40 41 41 42-81 82-92 93-99 100-168

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LIST OF ANNEXURES S.No. Name of Annexure Page No.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

Letter Granting Ethical Clearance Information Sheet, Consent Form and Screening Sheet Structured Demographic Schedule Clinical Profile Sheet Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Certificate for Competence List of Experts

100 100-107 108-113 114-118 119-125 126-157 156-188 188-111 158 159

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LIST OF TABLES Table No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Title of Table Page No. 36 37 40 42 44 45 47 49

6.
7. 8.

Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Patients Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Patients Clinical Characteristics of the Patients Clinical Characteristics of the Patients Distribution of the Patients According to Socio-demographic Characteristics Age of the Patients at the Time of First Ever Misuse in Past User and Current User Type of First Substance Misused by Ever User Patients Comparison of Clinical Status between Never User, Past User and Current User Patients

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Title of Figure Page No. 12 50 52

Conceptual framework of the study Pie diagram showing the prevalence of substance misuse among schizophrenic patients Bar graph showing the types of substance use by ever users and current users patients Pie diagram showing the type of substance used by current users patients.

60

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2. Main body
Chapter I- Introduction Chapter II- Review of Literature Chapter III- Methodology Chapter IV- Analysis and interpretation/ Results Chapter V- Discussion and summary

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Chapter I - Introduction

General Introduction Background specific Need of the study and how this work will help Statement of the problem, research questions Aim of the study Objectives (1, 2, 3. . . .) Variables under study (IV, DV & EV), Hypotheses, Delimitations, Assumptions, Operational definitions, Conceptual framework.

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Conceptual Framework Based on Tannahills Health Promotion Model

Domains of Health Promotion

1. Prevention Genetic counseling No maternal deprivation Treat early child hood trauma No life stress Encourage socialization Good parenting practices Regular screening Self help groups

2. Preventive health education Screening for schizophrenia Motivate public to use such screening facilities

3. Preventive health protection Psycho education Adherence counseling

4. Protective health education for preventive purposes Check for non adherence Assessment of risk factors like substance misuse Treatment of risk factors & appropriate referral

5. Health education for well being gains Promoting of healthy life style

6. Health protection for well being gains Proper use of leisure time Use of day care centers & half way homes Family & social support Continue medication Motivation & follow up counseling

7. Protective health education for well being gains Family & community education Involvement of school and colleges in health campaign More leisure facilities for increased well being

Assessment of risk factors Age of onset, type & course of schizophrenia TDI Number of hospitalization Presence of co-morbid medical/surgical/psychiatric illness Family history of psychiatric illness Family history of substance misuse Current psychotropic medication & their side effects Presence of positive, negative, general psychopathological symptoms

Types of substance misuse, Duration of misuse, current status Current functional status in area of: 1 Understanding and communication 2 Getting around 3 Self care 4 Getting along with people 5 Life activities 6 Participation in society Over all health of patient Duration of difficulties

Area under study Area not under study

Plan for Interventions Referral Treatment- Pharmaceutical drugs & detoxification Aversion therapy and BT Counseling Individual and family counseling Motivation for regular follow up

Outcome Abstinent from drug misuse Continue adherence to treatment Regular follow up Negative clinical status score High functioning

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At the end of every chapter..

This chapter has dealt with ..The next chapter will deal with.

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Chapter II- Review of literature

Divide all available review in different section as per study Arrange recent to old In historical research- Old to recent Follow Vancouver style

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Chapter III Methodology

Research Approach Research design Setting Population Sampling technique & Sample( IC and EC, sample size) Data collection tools & techniques ( From tool no 1 to tool no n, with content validity and reliability, Development of the tools) Translation of tools Researcher training for tool use Tools try out
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Chapter III Methodology

Intervention if any Ethical clearance Informed consent Data collection procedure (method of data collection) Pilot study Duration of data collection Problems in data collection(if any) Data analysis plan

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Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation

Results Specify about coding of data, master data sheet and statistical package (SPSS 10) Presentation of data in sections, objective wise, significant bold Emphasize only important observations from tables/illustrations in the text without undue repetition of date & give interpretation of the finding

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Contd..

Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation

Do not repeat the same data in tables & illustrations. Start with description of subjects characteristics, then present findings as per the objectives of the study (Obj-1 to obj- n), if any extra finding- put it at end. Write p value exactly

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Chapter V Discussion
Summary of major findings, Do not repeat all the data, Discussion (mention & link review in support of your findings, defend your findings with available literature or logic), As per objective Conclusions Implications (nursing education, adm, practice & research) Recommendations (present and future) Limitations. Avoid conclusions for which adequate data has not been obtained
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References
Vancouver style Reference list after chapter V. References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. They should not be listed alphabetically by author or title or put in date order.

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Vancouver style for citing a journal article

Green Bob, Young R, Kavanagh D, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al. Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1996 Jun;12(5):127-33.

http://www.library.uq.edu.au/useit/ 8/12/2013

3. Supplementary section
References (if not mentioned earlier) Annexure Index

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Annexure / Appendices
Letter granting ethical clearance Any specific material developed
Informed consent and PIS

Tools- Original and translated Any developed guideline Competency certificate List of experts CD

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Front page and binding

Same as title page Binding Printed colored hard board binding with silver / gold foil lettering. Printed soft spiral / staple binding

Cover thesis with plastic to make it safe. All the colleges / a university students should use same color Blue / brown / light green are good colors.

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Hard board binding

Spiral binding

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Side of the thesis

Put three information in following sequence

Name of university
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Candidate name

Month & year of submission

Specific Instructions
Use bond paper, A4 size (min 80 gsm) Type on one side of paper only, Para indent 5-7 spaces, Keep left alignment, do not justify lines Do not divide the words at the end of the line. (-) Leave 1-1 1/2" space on all sides of the paper (Lt- 1.5, Rt- 1, top & bottom- 1) Prepare 6-7 copies for submission & one for yourself

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Tables/figures
Color page, cover with transparency Number the tables/figures consecutively and not for each chapter separately. Insert figure in the text page itself instead of a fresh page each time. Do not break a table on two pages Obtain permission to use photographs Give a brief but clear title to each table / figure

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CHAPTER TITLE- 16, CENTERED, BOLD, UPPER CASE

Heading: 14, Left, bold, lowercase

Text Type double space, (Times New Roman)

Sub heading: 12, Left, bold lowercase

Text: font size 12, un-bold, left aligned 8/12/2013

English Editing
Free from grammatical & spelling mistakes Avoid abstract terms and technical jargons Use of Tense
Past or present perfect tense for review & discussion of past events Past- to discuss results Present- conclusions

Passive voice and impersonal pronouns as these suggest greater impartiality. Dont use I / We / me / us (personal pronouns)
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From where, to start thesis writing?

I Introduction

II Review of lit

III Methodology

IV Results

V Discussion

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What to do if find thesis work boring?

Do it .. Do it .. Do it .. Do it Get an habit of writing, even only 10-15 min/day Just begin somewhere & keep it regular Writing of 1st draft is hard

Take deep breath Meditation/ yoga Fulfill hobbies

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Vancouver Referencing Style

A uniform set of requirements for bibliographic references. a "numbered" style

follows rules established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors

also known as: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.

In-text citing
A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it is cited in the text If the source is referred to again, the same number is used. Example:...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead" [1]: which is well documented in the literature. [2-5] This proves that "the darkest days were still ahead". [1]

Essential Elements for Referencing

For Books Author Title Edition Place of Publication Publisher Date (year) For Journals Author Title of Article Journal Title Date Volume number Issue number Page numbers

Examples for books

Personal Author: Adam RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

Organization as author: Virginia Law Foundation. The Medical and legal implications of AIDS. Charlottesville: The Foundation, 1987.

Example for journal article

(Titles of Journals should be abbreviated according to Index Medicus)
Standard Journal Article: (list all authors, but if there are more than six, only list the first six followed by et al) Burks RT, Morgan J. Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligaments. Am J Sports Med 1994 Jan-Feb; 22(1): 72-77. Organization as author: NIH Technology Assessment Workshop Panel. The Persian Gulf Experience and Health. JAMA 1994; 272: 391-395. No author given: Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas [editorial] BMJ 1981; 283:628.

Example journal article

Journal article in Electronic format:
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm

Conference Proceedings:
Preston D, editor. Computers in Clinical Dentistry. Proceedings of the first International Conference on Computers in Clinical Dentistry; 1991 Sept 26-29: Houston. Chicago: Quintessence, 1993.

To summarize
Follow your university guideline. Though many things are same as we discussed today but off course few variation might exist uni to uni. If you are not following than guideline strictly, it may result that your thesis comes back to you for clarification and rectification and You may have undue stress and unnecessary workload to correct the things which could be done earlier.

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Thanks

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What is the words limit for an abstract? 100-125 125-150 150-175 (b) 150-250 2. How many numbers of the authors name can be written for a journal article in Vancouvers style of referencing before putting the word et al? 2 4 6