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Chapter 13
Outline
1. Major Approaches to Cognitive Development
1. Jean Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development 2. Vygotskys Theory of Cognitive Development
1. Jean Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development The most comprehensive theory of cognitive development We can learn as much about childrens intellectual development from examining their incorrect answers to test items as from examining their correct answers
Assimilation
Incorporating new information into the childs existing schemas
Accommodation
Changing the existing schemas to fit the relevant new information about the environment
Fluid intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
Our stored knowledge, which is largely declarative, such as vocabulary, but also may be procedural, such as the expertise of a master chess player
Although crystallized intelligence is higher, on average, for older adults than for younger adults, fluid intelligence is higher, on average, for young (20s, 30s, 40s) adults than for older ones