Hydrogen Supplementation in CI engines

By:Harman Singh 09109044 Surendra Singh Dhaked 09109084 Surendra Kumar Meena 09109083 Avinash Kumar Roy 09109025

Project Guide :- Dr S.S Sandhu

Introduction
To Use Hydrogen as part of air in A/F mixture with hydrogen content varying from 10-30 % of energy value of diesel Development of Liquid seal flame arrestor To Study Effect of hydrogen supplementation in Engines Performance and Emissions

Basic Concept and Why we use it

To Use Hydrogen for improving Combustion efficiency and hence increase overall efficiency and reduce emissions Properties of Hydrogen makes it ideal for combustion engines The only problem is at self igntition temperatures is very high thats why directly in CI engines ,Even igntition is not achieved at CRs of 29:1 The only option is to use it as supplement mode

Properties of hydrogen
High Calorific Value 141MJ/kg High Diffusity Wide Flammability (4-74 % in air) Low Ignition energy .02mJ High Flame speeds at stiochometric ratios(3.46 m/s)

Assembly of Experimental Setup

Flow chart

Testing on Engine Test Rig

Analysis of results

Experimental setup

Components
Hydrogen Cylinder at 200 bar Pressure regulator Flowmeter Flame arrestor Pressure Gauge Inlet manifold Single Cylinder engine Exhaust Hydraulic hoses

Flame Control systems

If there is any mixture imbalance flashback which can be catastrophic.Following systems will be used to control it Dry Flame arrestor Wet Flame arrestor

Liquid Seal Flame arrestor

It is cylindrical vessel which will contain water and hydrogen is passed through Maximum pressure in vessel can go up to 10 bar.Design method of a pressure vessel was used In case of flashback water will cool down the flame and extinguish it Instrumentation was done through pressure gauge and flow meter at outlet

Fabrication
Cylinder of hot rolled sheet metal was prepared of 1.5 mm thickness Flare stack was prepared hemispherical of same material It has been fixed to cylinder rubber and silicone gel adhesive seal

Analysis
Parameters to be analyzed Engine Performance Parameters 1. Brake thermal efficiency

Calculation methods
Volume of hydrogen required :-

Brake thermal efficiency

Results and discussion

Leakage test passed by using LPG System failed to check leakage of hydrogen at higher flow rates Retrofitted system using epoxy seal

Results on diesel
Load(W) V I VI output diesel Input power(W volume(c time ) c) taken 130.555 6 348.472 2 547.222 2 fuel/s input fuel/min power Efficienc y%)

200

188

0.5

94

10

88.14

0.11345 6.80735 4065.57 3.21124 6 2 7 3 0.13863 8.31831 4967.97 7.01437 9 4 4 2 0.15114 9.06892 5416.26 10.1033 9 4 4 2 10.3806 6199.65 11.9764 2 4 7

400

193

1.3

250.9

10

72.13

600

197

394

10

66.16

800

198

2.7

534.6

742.5

10

57.8 0.17301

1000

197

3.5

957.638 689.5 9

10

0.17765 10.6590 6365.96 15.0431 56.29 1 9 2 1

Calculation of required hydrogen

Absolu

te Energ Tempe Pressu y 5% rature re of Consu H2 of 5% 5% mptio Substi Hydro Hydro H2 at H2 at H2 at H2 at H2 at gen H2 FUEL fuel n tution gen 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% (K) 5% cc/mi flow (KJ/hr (kg/ by lpm by lpm by lpm by by (N/m2 n kg/hr ) hr) (lpm) mass at 10 mass at 15 mass at 20 mass lpm mass lpm or Pa) 1423 0.005 0.338 7.521 9471 2000 0.575 0.011 1.150 0.017 1.726 0.023 2.301 0.029 2.877 0.035 3.452 6.807 989 2 68 00 298 4228 894 846 842 268 789 691 736 114 683 537 1739 0.007 0.703 0.414 7.928 2673 2000 1536 0.014 1.406 0.021 2.109 0.029 2.812 0.036 3.515 0.043 4.218 8.318 236 8 05 00 298 43 535 307 802 461 069 615 337 768 604 922 1896 0.007 0.766 0.451 6.628 9225 2000 5541 0.015 1.533 0.023 2.299 0.031 3.066 0.039 3.832 0.047 4.599 9.068 586 8 68 00 298 28 845 108 768 662 69 217 613 771 535 325 0.009 0.877 0.516 2171 0688 2000 4627 0.018 1.754 0.027 2.632 0.036 3.509 0.045 4.387 0.054 5.264 10.38 924 0.808 42 00 298 09 138 925 207 388 275 851 344 314 413 776 0.009 0.900 0.530 2227 3047 2000 2868 0.018 1.800 0.027 2.700 0.037 3.601 0.046 4.501 0.055 5.401 10.65 37 5.54 37 00 298 84 609 574 914 861 219 148 524 434 828 721

Final results
Diesel input hydroge during n H2 energy supple diesel input at mentati energy output( 10 % on(cc/s) input V) I 406.557 0.03846 1680.76 7 2 9 190 496.797 4 541.626 4 619.965 4 636.596 2 hydroge n energy efficien input at diesel efficien Power cy 20 % input(cc/s) power cy 131.944 7.81768 813.115 0.03703 1618.51 5.42614 0.5 4 3 5 7 9 131.944 6 993.594 9 1083.25 3 1239.93 1 1273.19 2

16

efficiency at 0%

efficiency at 10 %

efficiency at 20%

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.5 1 1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

Discussion and epilogue

Efficiency is optimum around 10 percent of hydrogen at lower loads At higher loads it is expected to have better improvement of efficiency Can be calculated by improvement of flame trap

References
ON-BOARD HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATION by L. M. DAS Hydrogen combustion in a compression ignition diesel engine by Stanislaw Szwaja*, Karol Grab-Rogalinski Performance and emission studies on port injection of hydrogen with varied ow rates with Diesel as an ignition source by N. Saravanan a,G. Nagarajan b COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL-HYDROGEN DUALENGINE by W.B. Santoso1,2, A. Nur, S. Ariyono1.A. Bakar1 Experimental Investigation of Hydrogen Enrichment on Performance and Emission Behaviour of Compression Ignition Engine by Pullagur, Kakelli Ravi Kumar, Piyush Chandra Verma , Abhash Jaiswal, R.Prakash, S.Murugan