CONSTRUCTION OF MODIFIED INDIGENOUS NYISHI TYPOLOGY

BY TANA SUMPI

Arunachal Pradesh is situated in the North Eastern part of India with 83743 sq.kms area between latitude 26 30 N and 29 30 N and longitude 91 30 E and 97 30 E. The state has a long international border with Bhutan to the west (160km), China to the North and north-east (1080km) and Myanmar to the east (440km). In terms of area, it is the largest state in the North Eastern Region. Arunachal Pradesh was a Union Territory and attained statehood on 20th February 1987 and although this new state became the largest state areawise in the North- East region ,even larger than Assam , yet the population of Arunachal Pradesh is the smallest with only 10,96,702 according to the 2001 census. This population is apparently drawn into the urban areas as there is evidence of a high level of urbanization.

THE NYISHI TRIBE OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH

PURPOSE???
To bring forth the idea of construction of houses in the north eastern region using bamboo. Bamboo is the most economical and easily available material for construction in the north eastern regions. Bamboo is the most ECO FRIENDLY material and it is the need of the hour.

BAMBOO tree- bambusa pulgaris

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO

FIBRES RUN PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF THE CULM (stem) NOT CONTINUOUS ALONG THE LENGTH, THEY BEND TOWARDS THE INSIDE OF THE NODES NO RADIAL FIBRES EXIST

THE MORE THE FIBRES , GETS MORE DIFFICULT TO FRACTURE THE MATERIAL

 BAMBOO POSSESS HIGH ELASTICITY BAMBOO ELASTICITY IS

1.5 to 2.0 x 105 kg / cm2

The specific gravity is 0.575

The reinforcement nodes (diaphragms) prevent the emerging longitudinal cracks from spreading over the entire tube length.

The average weight is 0.625 Kg/m

TRADITIONAL BAMBOO HOUSE

 The indigenous house is constructed with Wooden & Bamboo using (Thatch, Chinese Palm leaves, Cane leaves and Jungle Banana Leaves) as roofing materials whichever is locally available. The entire Joint are bind with cane ropes

Parts of a local Nyishi house

THE KITHCEN CUM FIRE PLACE emmi The base is constructed with four bamboo support and on the surface of the room 4 1 foot wooden blocks on a banana leaf and then soil is applied upto the height of the blocks,thus the stove can be laid for kitchen purpose.

THE ROOF MADE WITH BAMBOO TRUSS, TOKO LEAF AND CGI SHEET

The FRONT verandah

The REAR verandah

DRAWBACK
The longitivity of this type of house is 10 to 12 Years by replacing roofing materials after every 3 to 5 years. The wooden foundation used gets rut due to bacterial action and there is danger of structure collapsing. During very heavy rainfall the roof starts leaking because of which the local people have sorted out the modified type of house construction.

THE MODIFIED TYPOLOGY

BAMBOO WALLING

 The improved indigenous Nyishi house have similar plan but construction materials are changed in some parts that is the pillars portion is replaced with RCC Post with RCC footing AND roofing with CGI sheet

 The roofing materials are bamboo chims and CGI Sheets in place of Thatch, Chinese Palm leaves, Cane leaves and Jungle Banana Leaves. The longitivity of the improved type of indigenous Nyishi House is about 20 to 25 Years.

 The modified typology is more earthquake resistant due to the composite material used i.e combination of concrete and rcc with the commonly available bamboo.

AN AUTOCAD PLAN OF THE NYISHI HOUSE

 The Houses floor level is raised 2.50 Mtr from the ground level and ceiling level is 2.50 Mtr from the floor level. The plan consists of rear verandah, Common room with fire place, bed room, Guest room, Front Verandah & side verandah.

COMPARISON
S.No
1 2 3

ITEM
Cost /sq.ft Life span Annual maintenance

Cement Concrete house

Rs.800-1000 75 years All most negligible

Bamboo based house

Rs.450-550 15years Bi annual insect maintenance must Min. two to four weeks. Less Yet to be developed. Quality bamboo availability limited Very few sources for roof, door, and floor bamboo based products. Yet to develop Suitable for earth quake resisting structures Quality bamboo producing areas like N-E. Need for more research.

4
5 6 7 8

Time for construction

Skill labour availability Quality control

Min. six months

more

Testing labs available every where. Quality of building material plenty availability Other building components available

9 10 11 12

Pre cast building components Scope for application Suitability Need for further development

available Every where Every where Already well developed and lot of research going on.

ADVANTAGE..
The Nyishi typology is very flexible and light structure thus resistant to earthquake because of its light weight construction. Also If damaged in case of devastating earthquake rector scale there will be less casualty or zero casualty because it will not collapse like rigidly built brick walling and heavy and rigid building.

CONCLUSION
Development of Bamboo houses depends on
availability of graded & standardised raw material and eco friendly preservatives and preservative facilities; Access to design information like standards & codes, design procedures to engineers/ Architects; trained man power Participation of NGOs and Government in encouraging wider use of bamboo building; standard designs and Do-it-yourself kits.

Notice that the stiffest tree is most easily cracked during strong winds but the bamboo survives by bending with the wind THANK YOU