Business Logistics Supply Chain

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Logistics Defined
Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. Council of Logistics Management

Supply Chain Management Defined

SCM is the integration of all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from raw materials through to end user, as well as information flows, through improved supply chain relationships, to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Handfield and Nichols
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The Immediate Supply Chain for an Individual Firm

Transportation
Warehousing

Transportation

Customers

Information flows

Factory

Transportation

Vendors/plants/ports Warehousing Transportation

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Supply Chain Schematic

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Evolution of Supply Chain Management

Activity fragmentation to 1960 Demand forecasting Purchasing Requirements planning Production planning Manufacturing inventory Warehousing Material handling Packaging Finished goods inventory Distribution planning Order processing Transportation Customer service Strategic planning Information services Marketing/sales Finance Physical Distribution Supply Chain Supply Chain Management Management Logistics Purchasing/ Materials Management Activity Integration 1960 to 2000 2000+

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The Logistics/SC Mission

Getting the right goods or services to the right place, at the right time, and in the desired condition at the lowest cost and highest return on investment.

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A Revised Strategy is Generating Great Top Management Interest

Historical perspective of distribution: The last frontier of cost economies
Peter Drucker, 1962

The contemporary view: Distribution is a new frontier for demand generationa competitive weapon.
Both views are now important!
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Critical Customer Service Loop

Customer order processing (and transmittal)

Transportation Customers Inventory or supply source

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Physical Distribution Costs

Category Percent of sales $/cwt.

Transportation
Warehousing Order entry

3.34%
2.02 0.43

Hundredweight 100 lbs

$26.52
18.06 4.58

Administration
Inventory carrying Total

0.41
1.72 7.65%

2.79
22.25 $67.71
Logistics cost are about 10% of sales w/o purchasing costs
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Add one-third for inbound supply costs

Source: Herb Davis & Company

Effect on Logistics Foreign Outsourcing

Domestic sourcing
Gastos generales

Foreign sourcing

Profit G&A
Marketing Logistics

Profit G&A
Marketing Logistics Tariffs Overhead Materials

Increase

Increase

Gastos indirectos

Overhead Materials

Labor

Reduction

Labor
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Scope of the Supply Chain for Most Firms

Business logistics

Physical supply (Materials management) Sources of supply Plants/ operations

Physical distribution

Customers

Transportation Inventory maintenance Order processing Acquisition Protective packaging Warehousing Materials handling Information maintenance

Transportation Inventory maintenance Order processing Product scheduling Protective packaging Warehousing Materials handling Information maintenance

Focus firms internal supply chain

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Key Activities/Processes

Primary - Setting customer service goals - Transportation - Inventory management - Location Secondary, or supporting - Warehousing - Materials handling - Acquisition (purchasing) - Protective packaging - Product scheduling - Order processing

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The Supply Chain is Multi-Enterprise

Scope in reality
Focus Company Suppliers Suppliers suppliers Customers Customers/ End users

Acquire

Convert
Product and information flow

Distribute

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Study Framework
CONTROLLING
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Location Strategy Location decisions The network planning process

The focus is here

PLANNING

Customer service goals The product Logistics service Ord. proc. & info. sys.

ORGANIZING

Inventory Strategy Forecasting Inventory decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Storage fundamentals Storage decisions

Transport Strategy Transport fundamentals Transport decisions

The Logistics Strategy Triangle

Inventory Strategy Forecasting Transport Strategy Storage fundamentals Transport fundamentals Inventory decisions Transport decisions Purchasing and supply scheduling decisions Customer Storage decisions service goals The product Logistics service Information sys.

Location Strategy Location decisions The network planning process

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Relationship of Logistics to Marketing and Production

PRODUCTION/ OPERATIONS Sample activities: Quality control Detailed production scheduling Equipment maint . Capacity planning Work measurement & standards LOGISTICS Sample activities: Transport Inventory Order processing Materials handling MARKETING Sample activities: Promotion Market research Product mix Sales force management

Interface activities: Product scheduling Plant location Purchasing

Interface activities: Customer service standards Pricing Packaging Retail location

Productionlogistics interface

Marketinglogistics interface

Internal Supply Chain

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Relationship of Logistics to Marketing

Product Price Place-Customer service levels Logistics Transport costs Warehousing costs Promotion

Inventory carrying costs Lot quantity costs

Order processing and information costs

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Relationship of Logistics to Production

Coordinates through scheduling and strategy
make-to-order or make-to-stock An integral part of the the supply chain Affects total response time for customers Shares activities such as inventory planning Costs are in tradeoff (compensacin) Production lot quantities affect inventory levels and transportation efficiency Production response affects transportation costs and customer service Production and warehouse location are interrelated
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Logistics/SC in Diverse Areas

Manufacturingmost common
Environmentcausing restrictions Serviceemerging opportunities Non-profitslittle explored (no lucro) Militarylong history

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Contemporary Logistics Terms

Value stream/logistics process Quick response and flexible

manufacturing Mass customization Supply chain management/ collaborative logistics Reverse logistics Service logistics Continuous replenishment Lean logistics Integrated logistics

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