Seminar Guide Mrs. B. C.

Sujatha

By Harsha.K
University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

Real and Reactive power on a transmission line in an integrated network is governed by the line impedances, voltage magnitudes, angle difference at the line ends etc. The power transfer limits on a transmission line are in general determined by Thermal level Uncontrolled power flow level Stability level The proper implementation of FACTS controller provides right correction of various parameters on the transmission line. Hence, full utilization of transmission system is possible and also relieving the bottle necks.
University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

 The Electric Power Research Institute has sponsored a FACTS

research program that includes software and hardware developments.

In software many analytical models were developed which included

simulation programs. As a result in United States the power transfer capability of three transmission system have been increased.
The hardware development program demonstrated control of

various line parameters.

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 The analytical and mathematical models for FACTS controllers

were developed. The results of these studies have shown that implementation of FACTS controllers would result in increase in power transfer capacity of the transmission line.
Some of the computed results of power transfer capability of

transmission system; increased transfer of power from 300 MW to 400 MW (boosting almost 33%) in the United States.

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 This program has evolved in full-scale hardware demonstration of

FACTS controller which provide dynamic control of various transmission line parameters.
The status of ongoing development include 208 MVAR TCSC at

Slatt substation, 100 MVAR STATCOM at Sullivan substation, UPFC of 160 MVA at Inez substation and also CSC of 200 MVA at Marcy substation.

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 FACTS controllers has pushed several R&D breakthroughs in the

area of power electronics.

The development of solid state switches to meet the high MVA

rating in power transmission system, due to its high switching speed.

STATCOM and UPFC and CSC FACTS controller is a voltage-

sourced inverter (VSI) which inverts a dc voltage into a set of threephase voltages.
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Implementation of a STATCOM at Sullivan substation improved the

transmission line parameters also reduced use of the tap changer from 250 times to 2 to 5 times per month.
Implementation of UPFC at Inez substation allowed flexible control

of real and reactive power flow on new 138 kv transmission line.

CSC at Marcy substation improved voltage control also reducing the

transmission losses.
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At this site the total range of reactive power output of STATCOM

can be utilized. Since it is connected to the bulk load.

STATCOM consisted of 48-pulse, two-level, VSI that combines

eight, six-pulse three-phase inverter bridge, each with rating of 12.5 MVA.
The STATCOM regulates the 161 kv bus voltage during daily load

increases to minimize activation of tap changing mechanism.

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

 The power demand on this line is approximately 2000 MW and is

served by long, heavily loaded 138 kv transmission.

Two identical, three-level 48-pulse, 160 MVA voltage source

inverters coupled to two sets of dc capacitor banks.

Optimal utilization of the existing transmission system and

independent control of real and reactive power is possible.

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

 This Substation has two major interfaces which are limited to

6150 MW and 2880 MW respectively.

This innovative concept provides the operational functionality to

eliminate the current limits on the transmission line.

Benefits after implementation are maximum utilization of

transmission system, improved voltage control, reduced system losses etc.

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

 FACTS technology has been successfully demonstrated and

continues to be implemented at transmission locations all over the world. As the FACTS controllers are evolving, there will be need for an overall controller logic to optimize transmission system operations.

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

 A, Edris, Flexible ac transmission

system (FACTS): A technology maximizing utilization of power transmission, Cigre Regional Meeting, 2730 September 1997.
Ram Adapa FACTS System Studies,

IEEE Power December 2000.

Engineering

Review,

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering