Introduction to C#

Tom Roeder CS 215 2006fa

Goals of the course

Introduce

C# language

ECMA standard originally developed by MSR not just Java + C++ many extensions

Introduce

.NET framework

future of Windows base of Microsofts C# implementation

Non-goals
Teach

you to program

should be very comfortable writing OO code we will not cover much if any basic programming

Introduce

object oriented languages

not even teach you OO style (except wrt C#) expected to write all code in OO style

Give

you a detailed grade

S/U only even homework

S/U Details

Requirements for the course

come to lecture participate do three assignments will not be giving a detailed grade show me that you understand the concepts, and can write C# code must be completed by the end of the course

Assignments are S/U

All three assignments will be online soon

Administrative Details
Class

time MWF 12:20-1:10 office hours: W 10:30-12 or by appointment

tmroeder@cs.cornell.edu (4112 Upson)

Prerequisites:

CS 211/212

really: experience in OO coding/concepts

Academic

Integrity

Do not submit work that is not your own minimum penalty: U in the course

Useful Tools
Visual

C#

Express: Google Visual C# Express in Visual Studio: MSDNAA

must be version 2005: we need C# 2.0

Mono:

http://www.go-mono.com http://msdn.microsoft.com/net/sscli

Open Source impl for Linux: not quite at 2.0 Shared Source impl for Windows (through 2.0) Used to work on BSD / OS X, too

Rotor:

Useful Tools
Portable.NET:

http://www.dotgnu.org

yet another open source impl

CMS:

http://cms.csuglab.cornell.edu

we will use this for homework turn on your email notifications!

Course

Webpage: http ://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs215

will post lectures online as well as any errata for the homework

CSUGLab
You

all will have accounts

MSDNAA access: let me know if you dont currently have it http://www.csuglab.cornell.edu/userinfo.html Visual Studio .NET 2005 should be installed there

Syllabus
Syllabus

(10 more lectures)

C# constructs: 5 lectures Types, Delegates, Generics, Reflection, Iterators .NET Memory Management: 1 lecture Topics: 4 lectures C# 3.0, Threading, Security, MSIL, MSH

Quiz 1
Each

class will begin with a quiz

not for credit but for knowledge but I will collect them and see what you know

Todays

quiz will be on prerequisites

OO programming, mainly to do with Java If you dont know Java, but do have OO experience, its OK talk to me after if you have trouble

What is .NET?
A

Framework in which to run code A Common Language Runtime (CLR)

runs all programs C# compiles to Microsoft Intermediate Language MSIL runs on CLR Virtual Machine like Java code written in many languages compiles to MSIL

Common Language Specification (CLS) A Common Type System (CTS)

What is .NET?
Web Services
Sharepoint ... ...

Building Blocks (e.g. for Services)

.NET Applications Languages:

C#, Visual Basic, etc

Enterprise Servers
SQL Server BizTalk ...

Runtime
Common Type System Common Language Runtime

Services: .NET and COM+

.NET Framework
Operating System

From MSDN

What is the CLR?

Base Class Library Support Thread Support Type Checker Security Engine MSIL to Native Compilers (JIT) Code Manager Class Loader From MSDN COM Marshaler Exception Manager Debug Engine Garbage Collector (GC)

What is the CTS?

A

set of common types

any language that runs in CLR should implement no syntax specified Languages often define aliases

For

example

CTS defines System.Int32 4 byte integer C# defines int as an alias of System.Int32

What is the CTS?

From MSDN

What is the CLS?

A

specification of language features

how methods may be called when constructors are called subset of the types in CTS are allowed

For

example

Code that takes UInt32 in a public method UInt32 is not in the CLS

Can

mark classes as CLS-compliant

not marked is assumed to mean not compliant

The Class Libraries

The

common classes used in many programs

like Java Class Library eg.

System.Console.WriteLine XML, Networking, Filesystem, Crypto, containers

Can inherit from many of these classes

Many

languages run on .NET framework

C#, C++, J#, Visual Basic even have Python (see IronPython)

Assemblies
Code

contained in files called assemblies

code and metadata .dll as before to run: public static

types

void Main(string[] args)

private: local directory, not accessible by others

eg. Wolfram .NETLink

shared: well-known location, can be GAC strong names: use crypto for signatures

then can add some versioning and trust

COM vs .NET
Historically,

COM provided this integration

support for interfaces and interaction given a GUID, lookup the type library dynamically instantiate class do RPC to make calls in many cases

Difficult

to get right

software engineering problems not type safe at all

ASP.NET and ADO.NET

Use

.NET languages in web pages

thus can write typesafe code server-side or client-side Sharepoint interactions can log in

Use

the CLR to access databases

in the manner of ODBC provides classes for access

Windows PowerShell
New

shell originally for MS Vista

available for WinXP/2k3 native .NET

instantiates arbitary .NET classes and accesses them Also can access COM objects

Allows

better interaction with programs Can it surpass bash and others?

First C# Program
using System; namespace Test { int a = 137; class Hello { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine(Hello {0}, a); } } }

Constructions of Note
using

like import in Java: bring in namespaces disambiguation of names like Internet hierarchical names and Java naming like in Java single inheritance up to object

namespace

class

Constructions of Note
Console.Write(Line)

Takes a formatted string: Composite Format Indexed elements: e.g., {0}

can be used multiple times only evaluated once

{index [,alignment][:formatting]} also can use as in Java

Test + a

More C# : basic inheritance

class A { protected int a; public virtual void print() { Console.WriteLine(a = + a); } } class B : A { public override void print() { Console.WriteLine(a really = + (a + 137)); } }