DIARRHOEA DISEASE

Course Instructor :

Dr. Ariful Bari Chowdhury( ABy ) Lecturer Dept. Of Public Health

DIARRHOEA DISEASE
Overvie w
What is Diarrhoea ?

Basic Factor
Types of Diarrhoea Causes of Diarrhoea

Prevention And Treatment

Global View Of Diarrhoeal Disease Diarrhoeal Disease In Bangladesh

Universal Initiative
Conclusion

WHAT IS DIARRHOEA ?
It is the condition of having three or more liquid or loose bowel movement per day . It is the most common cause of deaths in developing countries and the second leading reason of infant deaths worldwide .

BASIC FACTORS
Population Explosion Global Warming Unhygienic Water Collection Irregular Food Habit Unhygienic Surrounding Caution less Cooking Environment Lack Of Knowledge About Proper Sanitation

Air Pollution Etc .

Example

A Regular Scene Of Contaminated Water Collection

TYPES OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASE

A. Acute Watery Diarrhoea: Caused by contaminated

water . Lasts several hours or days .Causes cholera .

B. Acute Bloody Diarrhoea: The most common form of

diarrhoea . Also known as Dysentery .

C. Persistent Diarrhoea: Causes rare than the above ones .

Lasts 14 days or longer .

CAUSES OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASE

There are many causes related to Diarrhoeal Disease . The very basic ones are stated below
Infection: Diarrhoea is caused by a host of bacterial or

viral organism which is spread by contaminated water specially while drinking, cooking etc. Rotavirus is basically responsible for developing diarrhoea most of the time . The sample of Rotavirus is shown below -

CAUSES OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASE CONTINUED

Malnutrition: People who die from Diarrhoea often suffer
from underlying malnutrition specially the children . Malnutrition makes them more vulnerable to Diarrhoea . Each Diarrhoeal episode ,in turns ,make the malnutrition even worse .

Sources: Water gets contaminated with human faces from

the sources like sewage lines , septic tanks etc .

Other Causes: Diarrhoea can also get spread by poor

personal hygiene ,unhygienic food preparation.

PREVENTION
o o o o o

Prevention is better than the treatment of any disease . The best ways to prevent Diarrhoeal Disease are Access to safe drinking water . Improved Sanitation . Well maintained food hygiene . Raise awareness about the adverse effect of Diarrhoeal disease . Availability and affordability of Rotavirus vaccination . Disciplined food habit .

TREATMENT
Key measures to treat Diarrhoea are stated below
Rehydration: Oral Rehydration Salt ( ORS ) is the best solution for moderate or no dehydration . Its a mixture of clean water , salt and sugar . It is found in a formed packed or can be made at home . Sample pictures of both are shown below .

TREATMENT CONTINUED

Zinc Supplements: Zinc supplements reduce the

duration of a diarrhoea by 25% and are associated with the reduction of 30% in stool volume .

Nutrient-Rich Foods: Nutrient-rich foods are the

best source of recovering nutrition fast . These are also useful for nourishing the active organisms in the body .

Regular consultation with a Doctor till the recovery from Diarrhoea .

GLOBAL VIEW ABOUT DIARRHOEAL DISEASE

In 2004 , 1.5 million children under the age of five died because of

diarrhoea . There are two billions of cases of diarrhoea occur every year . It is one of the leading global diseases after pnuemonia . In recent years , has been turning into Epidemic form worldwide . In the both developed and low income countries ,diarrhoea has caused a lot of damage . Children under age of three ,experience the minimum three episodes of diarrhoea every year . As it is a major cause of malnutrition , children of low income countries suffer much by diarrhoea because of unhygienic environment .
( ref: wikipedia.com/diarrhoeal disease )

DIARRHOEA DISEASE IN BANGLADESH

Recently Diarrhoea is also turning into an epidemic form in our country also . The very basic reasons are Majority percent people live at slums ,riverside etc. unhygienic place which make the people affected specially the children . Unplanned sewage disposal system . Insufficient access to pure drinking water . Unhygienic sanitation process . Ignorance of the common people about hygienic santation . Lack of encouragement to the children about healthy lifestyles . Unhygienic cooking habits .

UNIVERSAL INITIATIVE ABOUT DIARRHOEAL DISEASE

The below stated recommendations should be taken for the prevention of Diarrhoeal disease
Ensure of the availability of ORS ,zinc supplements etc. at everywhere

in the world include remote areas . Include Rotavirus vaccine available and affordable for everyone . Encourage to adopt household water storage plan with chlorination ,filteration etc . Motivate people to wash their hands to improve their halth practice .

CONCLUSION
Recently almost all the countries have joined together to promote for the prevention and treatment of Diarrhoeal Disease . Without the effort of everyone ,its impossible to protect the society and the future generation from this disease .