Definition s

Tylers model
Curriculu m Models

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

Theoretical Foundation

Tabas model Stenhouses model

Contributions of educationists and psychologists

In Latin : curriculum refers to racing chariot. The term currere means running. In other words : it encompasses all the experiences of an individual including the tasks undertaken from childhood until adulthood In New International Dictionary : course content which is offered by an educational institution. Oxford English Dictionary : courses that are taught in schools or institutions of higher learning

EDUCATIONISTS OF THE 80S

EDUCATIONISTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Franklin Bobbit (1918) Father of Curriculum

- All the experiences, directed or otherwise planned or otherwise which focuses on the holistic development of the individual. -All the conscious and purposeful educational experiences provided by the school for the pupils

Schubert (1987) - specific aspects for

reconstructing society, including subject content, learning outcomes and local culture.

Kerr (in Kelly, 1983; 1999) - all the learning planned by an

educational institution and implemented either in groups or individually. And inside or outside the classroom

John Dewey (1916) in his book Democracy and Education - he outlined the role of
curriculum as efforts made to restructure society

1900-1940
I.

1940-1960
I.

Alfred Binet - systematic procedure to

measure learning aptitudes

B.F Skinner

- theory on operant conditioning or

the S-R theory (Stimulus-Response Theory)

II.

Jean Piaget
- Children cognitive dev. Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations and formal operations

II.

Abraham Maslow

- His theory related to Hierarchy of Needs

III.

Benjamin Bloom

III. IV.

Lev Vygotsky
- Social constructivist

Ivan Pavlov

- Blooms Taxonomy. Sequence of learning objectives according to 6 cognitive levels starting from knowledge (low) to comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation (high)

IV.

Ralph Tyler

1960-1980
I.

Erik Erikson
- individuals psychosocial dev. 8 stages starting from trust vs mistrust until integrity vs despair.

II.

Lawrence Kohlberg
- catergorized the moral dev of human beings into 4 stages

III.

Albert Bandura
- his social learning theory explains how human beings learn through imitating the behaviors of others, modeling .

All educators have to understand the various of learning theories to ensure the success of teaching and learning in the classroom.

Components 1. Objective

Educational Question What educational aims need to be achieved by the educational institution (e.g school)

Elaboration Purpose of edu attuned to objective or learning outcomes Based on pupil type, subject or course and societal needs Educational experiences should be : specific Explicit Measurable Grounded in educational philosophy Based on pupil prior knowledge

2. Content

What educational experiences can be given or provided in order to achieve the educational aims?

3. Organization

How can we manage the predetermined educational experiences effectively?

Selection of content and learning experiences (activities) must align with the educational aims

4. evaluation

How can we determine if the objectives have been achieved?

Consideration given to : type- formative and summative evaluation model used (e.g. CIPP [ content, input, process, product]) Type of data collecting instrument (interview, observation, test, survey, portfolio, analysis)