Overview of the ABAP Dictionary Srinivasulu Nettem

Overview of the ABAP Dictionary

Definition and functions of the ABAP Dictionary Basic objects of the ABAP Dictionary The Database Utility

July 13, 2013

What is a Data Dictionary?

Data Dictionary

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Functions of the ABAP Dictionary

Data Integrity

No Redundant Data Definitions

Data Dictionary

Integration with the ABAP Workbench

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Data Integrity

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No Redundant Data Definitions

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Integration with the ABAP Workbench

Data Dictionary

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Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary

Table A

Table B

Table C

Data Element 1

Data Element 2

Domain
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Database Utility

Database
Data Dictionary

Database Utility

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Data Modeling
What is data modeling? Entities, attributes, & entity types Data modeling vs. ABAP Dictionary terminology Relationships and relationship types Cardinality Optionality Category Data model hierarchies Linking a data model to dictionary objects

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What is Data Modeling?

Real World

Data Dictionary

Data Model

Data Dictionary
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Uses of a Data Model

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Basic Components of a Data Model

Customer

Entity

Attribute 30 S. 17th St. Order Entity Type

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Entity

Customer

Product

Order

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Attribute

Customer

30 S. 17th St.

J. Elkins

215-555-8000

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Entity Type
Customer

Product

Order

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Data Modeler/ ABAP Dictionary Terminology

Customer: Customer address: Customers: Data Modeler entity attribute entity type ABAP Dictionary record field table

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Relationships between Entities

Customer

Order

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Cardinality

One - to - Many

Many - to - Many

One - to - One
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Many-to-Many Relationships
Order Lines Order # Qty Part 1 1 # A26 1 3 C589 2 1 A26 Primary Keys: Order Number Product Number

Order

Primary Key: Order Number

Primary Key: Product Number July 13, 2013

Optionality

Customer

Order

Customer

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Referenced and Dependent Entity Types

Referenced Entity Type Dependent Entity Type

Customer
Customer ID Name Address ... ...

Referenced Dependent
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Order
Order ID Date of Order Customer ID

SAP Graphic Notation

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Example Using Graphic Notation

Customers

Orders

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Practice Using Graphic Notation I

Professors

Students

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Practice Using Graphic Notation II

Professors

Students

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Practice Using Graphic Notation III

Students

Enrolment Records

Courses

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SAP Graphic Notation with Text Notation

1 C

CN
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SAP Text Notation

n : m
1 C 1 C N CN
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Example Using Text Notation

Customers

Orders

CN
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Practice Using Text Notation I

Professors

Students

:
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Practice Using Text Notation II

Professors

Students

:
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Practice Using Text Notation III

Students

Enrolment Records

Courses

:
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Category

Hierarchical

Conditional-Referential

Referential

Aggregating

Specialisation
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Relationship Category: Hierarchical

Department
Key: Department Number

Course
Key: Department Number Course Number

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Relationship Category: Aggregating

Student
Key: Student ID Number

Enrollment Record
Key: Student ID Number Course Number

Course
Key: Course Number

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Relationship Category: Referential

Professor
Key: Professor Number

Department
Key: Department Number

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Relationship Category: Conditional-Referential

Professor
Key: Professor Number

Department
Key: Department Number

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Relationship Category: Specialisation

Customer
Key: ID Number

Business Customer
Key: ID Number

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Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM

FI

General Accounting . . . Currency . . .

. . .

Chart of Accounts

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Linking a Data Model to ABAP Dictionary Objects

Data Dictionary

Data Model

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ABAP Dictionary Objects

Tables Data Elements Domains Using a Table in an ABAP Program

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Accessing the ABAP Dictionary

Data Dictionary

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Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary

Table A Table B Table C

Data Element 1

Data Element 2

Domain
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Tables

TABLE KNA1 (Customers)

Table: Table: KNA1 KNA1 MANDT KUNNR Name 1 ORT 02

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Create a Table
Maintain delivery class Enter a description (short text).

Maintain field attributes in Fields tab

Table maintenance attribute

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Two-Level Domain Concept

Data Element 1

Data Element 2

Domain

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Data Elements
Table A Table B

Data Element 1

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Pre-Defined Data Elements

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Data Element Documentation

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Create Data Element

Enter a description (short text).Enter domain name.

aintain field labels and column headers in the Field Label tab
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Domains

Table A

Data Elements

Domain

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Characteristics of Domains

Table A

Data Elements

Domain

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Allowed Values

Domain

Domain

January February March . . . . . . . December

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Value Table

Benefits of Using Allowed Values

valid values

invalid values

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Create a Domain

Enter a description (short text).

Enter data type and length.

Explicit Values, Intervals or a value table may be entered In the Value range tab

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Using a Table in Program Code

TABLES:YEMPLOY. SELECT * FROM YEMPLOY. WRITE:/ YEMPLOY_ID YEMPLOY_NAME YEMPLOY_SALARY ENDSELECT.

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Foreign Key Relationships

Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships Key Terminology Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields

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Definition of Foreign Keys

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Uses of Foreign Keys

Maintain data integrity Provide help texts Create aggregate dictionary objects

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Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships

The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain. A value table must exist for that domain.

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Foreign Keys: Key Terminology

Value Table

Check Table

Foreign Key Table

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Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table = Value Table

Check Table

Valu e Tabl e

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Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table Value Table

Check Table

Valu e Tabl e

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Establishing a Foreign Key Relationship in the ABAP Dictionary

Data Dictionary

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Cardinality

n : m
1 C 1 C N CN
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Foreign Key Field Type

Check Table: Students Foreign Key Table: Course Enrolment

Course Enrolment

STUDENT_ID

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Foreign Key Type: Key Fields or Key Field Candidates

Faculty

Course

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Foreign Key Type: Key Fields of a Text Table

T005 (Country Codes) T005T (Country descriptions) (T002) (Language Codes)

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Foreign Key Type: Non-Key Field Candidates

Professor

Course

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Creating a Foreign Key Relationship

Foreign key push-button

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Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationships Attributes

Enter a description (short text). Check table (defaults to value table)

Maintain foreign key type

Maintain cardinality n : m

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Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields

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Field-By-Field Assignment

Foreign Key Table

Check Table

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Partial Foreign Keys

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Constant Foreign Keys

O I B

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Changing the Field Assignment

Generic foreign key Constant foreign key

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ABAP Dictionary Tables in Relational Databases

SAP Table Types Technical Settings Indexes

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SAP Table Types

Transparent Table (TRANSP) Pool Table

Structure (INTTAB)

Cluster Table

View
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Transparent Tables Type = TRANSP

Master Data

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Table Types TRANSP in the Database

PROFILE

DB

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Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB

PROFILE

DB

x
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Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview

Pool Table

Cluster Table

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Technical Settings

Data class

Size category

Master Transaction Organization & Customizing User Number of data records in DB storage Single records, generic, full, not buffered on or off
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Buffering

Log data changes

Data Class

Transaction data

Organization and Customizing data

Master data

User data

DB
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Size Categories

July 13, 2013

Buffering Type

Single Record
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6 KF1 KF2

Generic
KF3 F4 F5 F6

Full
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6

None
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Logging

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Maintaining Technical Settings

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Index

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Database Utility

AB Dict AP iona r y

DB
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Adding Structures
Substructures Customizing Includes Append Structures

July 13, 2013

Including Structures in Tables

Customer Tables Substructures Table YCUSTAB .INCLUDE YSTRUC

SAP Tables Customizing Includes Table XYZ .INCLUDE CI_XXX

Append Structures Field 1 Field 2 ... Field n Table T .APPEND ZAT

SAP Tables
July 13, 2013

Substructure

YS Table

YS-F1 YS-F2 YS-F3...

Field Data element YT1 S1 (TRANSP) S2 .INCLUDE YS F1

Table

Field Data element YT2 S1 (TRANSP) S2 .INCLUDE YS F1

July 13, 2013

Customizing Include

CI_XXX-F2 CI_XXXCI_XXX CI_XXX-F1 F3 Table Table Field Field XYZ XYZ Data Data element element S1 S1 F1 F1 . .. .. . Fn Fn CI_XXX

.INCLUDE

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Append Structure

ZAT

ZAT-F1 ZAT-F2 ZAT-F3

Table

Field T

Data element S1 F1 ... Fn ZAT

.APPEND

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ABAP Repository Information System

The Repository Information System Object Searches (Find) Use of Objects in Objects (Where-Used) Searching for Objects Outside the Dictionary

July 13, 2013

ABAP Repository Info System: Typical Queries

ABAP Dictionary

Find (Object Search) Find all objects of type A with attributes X, Y, Z.

Where-used lists Find all objects of type A that use object B

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ABAP Repository: Initial Screen

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Find: Selection Screen

Enter a single value for the search attributes or use the arrow push-buttons for selection options Use the All Selections pushbutton to limit search criteria on other object attributes
July 13, 2013

Selection Options
Simplified Selection (single values)

Equal Pattern

Not equal Exclude pattern Greater than Less than

>Greater than or equal > < Less than or equal <

Toggle push-buttons Complex Selection (ranges)

[]

Inclusive

][

Exclusive
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Hit List Options: Standard Options

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Hit List Options: Application Toolbar

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Where-Used List: Selection Screen

List of all objects that object may be used in

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Relationship between Objects Where-Used and Sub-Objects Lists

Program
Table Data Elements Domains

Screen
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ABAP Repository Info System

Modeling

ABAP Dictionary

Programming

Environment

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ABAP Dictionary Changes

Activation Data Consistency and Conversion Version Management Miscellaneous Changes

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Activation

Data Object

ABAP Dictionary Activation Icon

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Mass Activation

Online

Background

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Table Activation

Screen Painter

ABAP Programs

? Consistency

? Checks

Log Entries

Updates

July 13, 2013

Database Utility

ABA Dict P iona r y

Online vs. Background

Log File DB
July 13, 2013

Change Key of Value Table

Tables YANGIE1 YEMPLOY YZIPCODES Value Table
1 1 9 9 7 7 0 0 2 2

Domain YZIP
NUMC 10
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Versions

July 13, 2013

Version Management

modified (revised) version

active version

temporary versions
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Version Management

Display

Compare

Retrieve stored version of object

REMOTE compare

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Locks on Dictionary Objects

ABA Dict P iona r y

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SPDD Transaction

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ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views

Definition Relational operations Types of views Using a view in program code

July 13, 2013

What is a View?

July 13, 2013

The Most Basic Form of a View

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The Relational Operations

Projection Table 1

Selection Table 2

Join Table 3 Table 4

View A

View C View B

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The Projection Operation

Projection Table 1

View A

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Specifying Projected Fields

Indicate actual name of table field that holds that data.

Can use any name if database view, otherwise must be same name as table field
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The Selection Operation

Selection Table 2

Example: Staff Level <= 3 View B

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Specifying Selection Criteria

Can include unprojected fields

5
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The Join Operation

Join Table 3 Table 4

View C

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The Necessity of the Join Operation

Employee ID Salary ID 5579 5579 5579 5579 Name Smith Smith Smith Smith Salary $10,000.00 $11,000.00 Wrong $12,000.00 $13,000.00
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Name Salary 1 Salary 2 Salary 3

Understanding the Join Operation

Employee ID Salary ID 5579 5579 5579 5579 Salary Date Effective 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/94 10/1/96
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Name

$10,000.00 $11,000.00 $12,000.00 $13,000.00

Right

The Join Operation and Foreign Keys

Primary
Table 3

Join

Secondary
Table 4

View C

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Specifying Joined Fields

Indicate base tables that data will come from.

Hit button to see related tables and automatically generate join conditions.
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Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary

Database View Projection View Help View Maintenance View

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The Database View

Database View

DB

Database

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The Projection View

Projection View

View C

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Database vs. Projection Views

Projection View

Database View

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Other Types of Views

Help View Maintenance View

July 13, 2013

Using a View in Program Code

TABLES:

YXXEMP_V.

SELECT * FROM YXXEMP_V. WRITE: / YXXEMP_V-EMP_ID YXXEMP_V-LAST_NAME, YXXEMP_V-FIRST_NAME. ENDSELECT.

July 13, 2013

Overview of Search Helps

Benefits of Search Helps Elementary Search Helps Collective Search Helps Search Help Exits

July 13, 2013

The Benefits of Search Helps

What was Smiths vendor number, anyway?

F4

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Elementary vs. Collective

Collective Search Help

E l e m e n t a r y 1

Field H Field B Field K

E l e m e n t a r y 2

Field Z

Field O

E l e m e n t a r y 3

Field A

E l e m e n t a r y 4

Field R Field X Field B Field O Field Q

July 13, 2013

Creating an Elementary Search Help

1 5 2 3 4

Create search help from Dictionary pushbutton on workbench, or from within Repository Browser.
July 13, 2013

Defining an Elementary Search Help

Interface Parameters

July 13, 2013

Defining an Elementary Search Help - Interface Parameters

Parameter is display only Data element associated with parameter

rameters for values you ant to send and receive

Declaration of parameters as import and/or export

Position parameterPosition parameter will will be on hit list be on dialog box

Optional default for parameter

July 13, 2013

Assigning an Elementary Search Help - Priority Levels

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Using Elementary Search Helps

F4

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Defining a Collective Search Help - Interface

Notice there is no selection method. A collective search help is a set of one or more elementary search helps.

July 13, 2013

Defining a Collective Search Help Adding Elementary Search Helps

Dont forget to assign parameters for each elementary search help.

July 13, 2013

Using a Collective Search Help

F4

July 13, 2013

Search Help Exits

Function Module with ABAP code _________ ______ _______ ______ _____ _____

Search Help Processing

July 13, 2013

Online Help & Documentation

Documentation for Dictionary objects F1 help F4 help Data element documentation/ supplemental documentation

July 13, 2013

Online Help & Documentation

F4: Possible Input Values

F1: Field Help DE doc. DE supp. doc.

Other documentati on: Tables Structures Domains

July 13, 2013

Data Element Documentation

Data Docu Element men tatio n

July 13, 2013

Table THLPF

Progra m

Scree n

Table/fie ld

No entry necessar y

DE Supplement number

July 13, 2013

Create Documentation through F1 or Screen Painter

From Plain F1 From DE Doc. From DE Doc. or from DE Supp. Doc. if DE Supp. Doc. is maintained

July 13, 2013

Type Groups

ABAP Editor ABAP Editor PROGRAM 123. TYPE-POOL . . . PROGRAM ABC. TYPE-POOL . . . ABAP Editor PROGRAM XYZ. TYPE-POOL . . .

Data Docu Element m en tatio n

TYPE GROUP

ABAP Dictionary
July 13, 2013

Type Group - Use in Programs

ABAP Dictionary ABAP Editor

ABAP Program Run-Time Selection Screen

July 13, 2013

Review of The ABAP Dictionary

Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary

Table A

Table B

Table C

Data Element 1

Data Element 2

Domain
July 13, 2013

Two-Level Domain Concept

Data Element 1

Data Element 2

Domain

July 13, 2013

Domains

Table A

Data Elements

Domain

July 13, 2013

Data Elements

Table A

Table B

Data Element 1

July 13, 2013

Tables

TABLE KNA1 (Customers)

Table: KNA1 MANDT KUNNR Name 1 ORT 02

July 13, 2013

Relationships Between Tables

Customer Table

Order

July 13, 2013

Cardinality

One - to - Many

One - to - One Many - to - Many

July 13, 2013

Many-to-Many Relationships

Order

Qty 1 3 1

Part # A26 C589 A27

Order Lines

July 13, 2013

Optionality

Customer

Order

Customer

July 13, 2013

Category

? Hierarchical Conditional-Referential

Referential

Aggregating

Specialisation
July 13, 2013

Referenced and Dependent Tables

Referenced Table Dependent Table

Customer Customer ID Name

Address

. . . Referenced

Order der ID Date of Order

Customer ID Dependent ...

July 13, 2013

Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM

FI

General Accounting . . . Currency . . .

. . .

Chart of Accounts

July 13, 2013

SAP Graphic Notation

July 13, 2013

SAP Text Notation

n : m
1 C 1 C N CN
July 13, 2013

Uses of a Data Model

July 13, 2013

July 13, 2013