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HEMATOPOIESIS
Synchronous Asynchronous
Medullary Extramedullary
Introduction
BM largest tissue in the body Adult: 4 L; Child: 1. 6 L BM 1 site for blood cell formation
2.5 billion RBCs / kg / day 2.5 billion platelets / kg / day 1 billion granulocytes / kg / day
Introduction
Monopheletic (Downey, Ferat & Pappenheim) Polypheletic (Piney, Naegali, Schilling, Rosenthal, Osgood, Sabin, Cunningham & Doan) Naegali Modification of Schilling Sabin & her co-workers
HEMATOPOIESIS
Start: End of 11th wk AOG End: 6th mon AOG Products: Extravascular erythroblasts & anucleated macrocytic RBC's Megakaryocytes- 6th wk AOG Granulocytes6th wk AOG Lymphocytes4th mon AOG Monocytes5th mon AOG
Start: 10th wk AOG (6th mon AOG- predominant) End: Lifetime Products: RBC's- 10th wk AOG Thrombocytes Granulocytes/ monocytes Lymphocytes- w/ contributions from thymus, L.N. & spleen (Ag independent)
RBC - Alpha 1 & alpha2 beta2 3 wks postpartum BM (Medullary) 4th y - rate of BM production exceeds need for blood cells
HEMATOPOIESIS
A lecture by: Maximo B. Axibal, Jr. MD FPSP, MMHA
PECAM 1
DEC N:C CHROMATIN: HETEROGENOUS HOMOGENOUS (WBC) to CLUMPED (RBC) NUCLEOLI (RNA): PRESENT DISAPPEARS
DEC N:C DEEP BLUE LIGHT BLUE (WBC) sometimes PINK (RBC) GRANULES APPEAR
STEM CELL
Cytokines: Regulate proliferation, differentiation, function Glycoproteins Multilineage or lineage specific Redundant & complex specificities Both positive & negative feedback mechanism
Colony Stimulating factors (CSF) Interleukins (IL) Stem Cell Factor (SCF) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Transforming growth factors (TGF) Interferon (IF)
Properties of HSC
Cellular migration:
Normally only mature cells released Immature cells released under abnormal circumstances:
Immature RBCs- hypoxia, hemolytic anemias Immature granulocytes- severe infections, sepsis Marrow replacement- fibrosis, neoplasm
LYMPHOPOIESIS
Lymphopoiesis
B cells
Lymphopoiesis (Lymphoblasts)
THROMBOPOIESIS
Megakaryopoiesis
Overview of Hemostasis
Tissue Factor
Thromboxane A2 ADP
Platelet aggregation
Thrombin
MONOPOEISIS
Monopoiesis
Monoblast
Promonocyte
Mature Monocytes
GRANULOPOIESIS
MYELOBLAST PROMYELOCYTE MYELOCYTE METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE) STAB (BAND; STAFF) MATURE NEUTROPHIL (PMN/ SEG); EOSINOPHIL; BASOPHIL
Granulopoiesis
8- 10 hours
8- 10 days
Granulopoiesis (Myeloblast)
Granulopoiesis (Promyelocyte)
Granulopoiesis (Myelocyte)
Granulopoiesis (Metamyelocyte)
Granulopoiesis (Band)
Granulopoiesis
8- 10 hours
8- 10 days
MYELOBLAST PROMYELOCYTE MYELOCYTE METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE) STAB (BAND; STAFF) MATURE NEUTROPHIL (PMN/ SEG); EOSINOPHIL; BASOPHIL
MYELOBLAST PROMYELOCYTE MYELOCYTE METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE) STAB (BAND; STAFF) MATURE NEUTROPHIL (PMN/ SEG); EOSINOPHIL; BASOPHIL
MYELOBLAST PROMYELOCYTE MYELOCYTE METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE) STAB (BAND; STAFF) MATURE NEUTROPHIL (PMN/ SEG); EOSINOPHIL; BASOPHIL
MYELOBLAST PROMYELOCYTE MYELOCYTE METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE) STAB (BAND; STAFF) MATURE NEUTROPHIL (PMN/ SEG); EOSINOPHIL; BASOPHIL
MYELOBLAST PROMYELOCYTE MYELOCYTE METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE) STAB (BAND; STAFF) MATURE NEUTROPHIL (PMN/ SEG); EOSINOPHIL; BASOPHIL
ERYTHROPOIESIS
PRONORMOBLAST BASOPHILIC NB POLY- CHROMAT NB ORTHO- CHROMAT NB POLYCHROMATOPH ILIC NORMOCYTE MATURE RBC; ERYTHROCYTE; DISCOCYTE
PRONORMOBLAST BASOPHILIC NB POLY- CHROMAT NB ORTHO- CHROMAT NB POLYCHROMATOPH ILIC NORMOCYTE MATURE RBC; ERYTHROCYTE; DISCOCYTE
PRONORMOBLAST BASOPHILIC NB POLY- CHROMAT NB ORTHO- CHROMAT NB POLYCHROMATOPH ILIC NORMOCYTE MATURE RBC; ERYTHROCYTE; DISCOCYTE
PRONORMOBLAST BASOPHILIC NB POLY- CHROMAT NB ORTHO- CHROMAT NB POLYCHROMATOPH ILIC NORMOCYTE MATURE RBC; ERYTHROCYTE; DISCOCYTE
Erythropoiesis (Pronormoblast)
Erythropoiesis
Proerythroblast Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
Orthochromatophilic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Mature RBC
Erythropoiesis (Kinetics)