Chapter 8 Parallelism Measurement

Chapter 8
Parallelism Measurement
PARALLELISM MEASUREMENT
OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
1. Explain the various parallelism tolerance zones for different applications.

2. Explain how parallelism of a surface inherently controls the flatness of that surface. 3. Explain the difference between bonus tolerances on controlled features and additional tolerances from size datums.
PARALLELISM MEASUREMENT 2
OBJECTIVES:
4. Explain how parallelism of a surface is not additive to associated size tolerances. 5. Measure surface-to-surface parallelism on a surface plate.
6. Measure axis-to-surface parallelism on a surface plate. 7. Understand functional gaging of parallelism of size features at MMC.
Is it possible to measure parallelism tolerance of 0.02 on a plain M.S plate by a micrometer having a resolution of 0.001mm? Yes or No
Parallelism Tolerance:
orientation tolerance that relates a surface, centerplane, or an axis parallel to a datum plane or axis. Used as a refinement of size tolerances on noncylindrical parts for a variety of fit, form, or functional reasons, such as control of the stackup of tolerances or of two interrelated surfaces
Requires at least one primary datum reference (at times, more than one datum is necessary).
Parallelism Tolerance Zones

The tolerance zone for parallelism depends largely on the feature being controlled and the type of datum. For example, if the controlled feature is a surface and the datum
Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

The controlled surface must be parallel within .002" with respect to primary datum A.
10
11
Measuring Parallelism wrt Base A

Surface to Surface Parallelism Measurement


Two perfectly parallel imaginary planes 0.005" apart and also parallel to the datum plane A Actual Axis*
Tolerance Zone 0.005
* can be anywhere within the zone of tolerance RFS

Is it possible to design a gauge to check parallelism tolerance of the part ?
16
How will you inspect the Parallelism Tolerance?

Largest Gauge pin
Please carefully look at the photo

18
What is the parallelism error measured?


How will you check for parallelism tolerance? 21

Zone of Tolerance 0.005 RFS
Datum Axis B How will you check for parallelism tolerance?

Gauge pin for controlled feature Gauge Pin B
Look at photo carefully

Zero at one end TDC

What is the measured parallelism error?

Set up to measure the parallelism error in horizontal plane

What is the measured parallelism error?


Zone of Tolerance 0.005 0.011
Datum Axis B
Virtual Size of controlled hole = ?
What is the maximum parallelism tolerance permissible?

Sketch the functional gauge arrangement
Study carefully. Detailed Design of this gauge?
Some facts to be considered during functional gage design:

1. The datum pin in the gage must be at MMC size of the datum feature within gaging tolerances. 2.Parallelism does not control location; therefore, the pin in the gage that checks parallelism must be movable, yet parallel to the datum pin in all positions within gage tolerances.
3.Pin must be at the virtual size of the controlled hole (which is the MMC of the hole minus the parallelism tolerance)
Inspection Procedure:
Part located on the MMC size datum pin Virtual size pin is aligned vertically and inserted into the controlled hole If the pin goes into the hole without force, the part is acceptable The functional gage checks only the virtual condition Hole size limits must be inspected separately

Primary & Secondary datums contacted

Parallelism with multiple datums

How many primary datums?

Datum A
Datum B
39
Slip Gauge Block Stack Datum B Datum C

Measuring Parallelism wrt multiple offset datums

A parallelism tolerance applied to a surface inherently controls the . of that surface to the extent of the stated parallelism tolerance.
43
A parallelism tolerance applied to a surface inherently controls the flatness of that surface to the extent of the stated parallelism tolerance.
44
KEY FACTS : 1. Parallelism tolerance must be called out to at least one datum (sometimes more than one).
2. The tolerance zone for parallelism depends heavily on the type of datum and the controlled feature
3. Parallelism of surface to surface cannot be gaged; it must be measured.
4.Parallelism of size features at MMC can be gaged with a functional gage

5.The results of parallelism error are invariably stated in terms of FIM.

6. A parallelism tolerance applied to a surface inherently controls the flatness of that surface to the extent of the stated parallelism tolerance. 7. Parallelism tolerance cannot violate. the maximum boundary of perfect form at MMC for the related size tolerance.
46
Questions & Answers on Parallelism Measurement
47
8.1 The imaginary tolerance zone for parallelism depends largely on whether the datum is a plane or an axis. True or False?
48
8.1 The imaginary tolerance zone for parallelism depends largely on whether the datum is a plane or an axis. True
49
8.2 What is the tolerance zone for parallelism of the axis of a hole to a datum plane? (a) Two parallel planes (b) A cylindrical
zone
(c) Two parallel lines (d) A circle
50
8.2 What is the tolerance zone for parallelism of the axis of a hole to a datum plane? (a) Two parallel planes (b) A cylindrical
zone
(c) Two parallel lines (d) A circle Answer: (a)
51
8.3 Parallelism tolerances always require a datum reference. True or False?
52
8.3 Parallelism tolerances always require a datum reference. True or False? Answer: True
53
8.4 Parallelism tolerances are part of the form tolerance family. True or False?
54
8.4 Parallelism tolerances are part of the form tolerance family. True or False? Answer: False
55
8.5 What other geometric tolerance is automatically controlled when parallelism is applied to a surface? (a) Position (c) Flatness (b) Symmetry (d) Profile
56
8.5 What other geometric tolerance is automatically controlled when parallelism is applied to a surface? (a) Position (c) Flatness Answer: (c) (b) Symmetry (d) Profile
57
8.6
The resultant measurement of parallelism is a(n) ----------------------------------------------value.
58
8.6
The resultant measurement of parallelism is a(n) FIM value.
59
8.7 Surface-to-surface parallelism can be measured by taking multiple thickness measurements on the two surfaces with a micrometer. True or False?
60
8.7 Surface-to-surface parallelism can be measured by taking multiple thickness measurements on the two surfaces with a micrometer. True or False?
Answer: False
61
8.8 Some parallelism tolerance measurements can be in error due to misalignment because of the lack of a -----------------------------------------alignment datum.
62
8.8 Some parallelism tolerance measurements can be in error due to misalignment because of the lack of a secondary alignment datum.
63
8.9 When parallelism is applied to size features at MMC, a bonus tolerance can be allowed as the size feature departs from its MMC size. True or False?
64
8.9 When parallelism is applied to size features at MMC, a bonus tolerance can be allowed as the size feature departs from its MMC size. True or False? Answer: True
65
8.10 Parallelism of the axis of a hole to a surface also controls the location of the hole. True or False?
66
8.10 Parallelism of the axis of a hole to a surface also controls the location of the hole. True or False? Answer: False
67
8.11 Which of the following methods can be used to inspect the parallelism of a hole to a datum hole specified at MMC?
(a) Open setup measurements (b) Functional gage (c) Neither (a) nor (b) (d) Both (a) and (b)
68
8.11 Which of the following methods can be used to inspect the parallelism of a hole to a datum hole specified at MMC?
(a) Open setup measurements (b) Functional gage (c) Neither (a) nor (b) (d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: (d)
8.12 If a surface has been identified as the datum for the parallelism of another feature, that datum must be contacted at three or more of the -------------------points on the surface.
70
8.12 If a surface has been identified as the datum for the parallelism of another feature, that datum must be contacted at three or more of the highest points on the surface.
71
8.13 Parallelism error cannot be used to violate the maximum ----------------------------------------------of perfect form when size tolerances are involved (reference general rule 1).
72
8.13 Parallelism error cannot be used to violate the maximum boundary of perfect form when size tolerances are involved (reference general rule 1).
73
8.14. Surface-to-surface parallelism cannot be gaged; it must be measured (FIM). True or False?
74
8.14. Surface-to-surface parallelism cannot be gaged; it must be measured (FIM). True or False?
Answer: True
75
8.15. It is possible for a parallelism requirement to have more than one datum specified (even though many applications of parallelism only use one datum). True or False?
76
8.15. It is possible for a parallelism requirement to have more than one datum specified (even though many applications of parallelism only use one datum). True or False?
Answer: True
77
Did we achieve our objectives? Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
1. Explain the various parallelism tolerance zones for different applications.

2. Explain how parallelism of a surface inherently controls the flatness of that surface. 3. Explain the difference between bonus tolerances on controlled features and additional tolerances from size datums.
Did we achieve our objectives? 4. Explain how parallelism of a surface is not additive to associated size tolerances. 5. Measure surface-to-surface parallelism on a surface plate. 6. Measure axis-to-surface parallelism on a surface plate.
7. Understand functional gaging of parallelism of size features at MMC.
Thank You

Chapter 8 Parallelism Measurement

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 8 Parallelism Measurement

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 8

1. Explain the various parallelism tolerance zones for different applications.

Parallelism Tolerance Zones

Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

Measuring Parallelism wrt Base A

Surface to Surface Parallelism Measurement

Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

Tolerance Zone 0.005

* can be anywhere within the zone of tolerance RFS

Is it possible to design a gauge to check parallelism tolerance of the part ?

How will you inspect the Parallelism Tolerance?

Largest Gauge pin

Please carefully look at the photo

What is the parallelism error measured?

Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

How will you check for parallelism tolerance? 21

Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

Zone of Tolerance 0.005 RFS

Datum Axis B How will you check for parallelism tolerance?

Gauge pin for controlled feature Gauge Pin B

Look at photo carefully

Zero at one end TDC

What is the measured parallelism error?

Set up to measure the parallelism error in horizontal plane

What is the measured parallelism error?

Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

Zone of Tolerance 0.005 0.011

What is the maximum parallelism tolerance permissible?

Study carefully. Detailed Design of this gauge?

Some facts to be considered during functional gage design:

Interpret the tolerance requirement with a sketch

Primary & Secondary datums contacted

Parallelism with multiple datums

How many primary datums?

Slip Gauge Block Stack Datum B Datum C

Measuring Parallelism wrt multiple offset datums

4.Parallelism of size features at MMC can be gaged with a functional gage

5.The results of parallelism error are invariably stated in terms of FIM.

Questions & Answers on Parallelism Measurement

8.3 Parallelism tolerances always require a datum reference. True or False?

The resultant measurement of parallelism is a(n) ----------------------------------------------value.

The resultant measurement of parallelism is a(n) FIM value.

1. Explain the various parallelism tolerance zones for different applications.

You might also like