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By A.J. Rego & Arambepola (ADPC) 7th IIASA-DPRI Forum Coping with Disaster: Challenges for the 21st Century and Beyond 20th September 2007 - Stresa, Italy
Cities are vulnerable to disaster risk because of Rapid urbanization Rural - urban migration Growing population - already stretched resources Poor living standards - build without consideration of safety (time pressures) + in hazard prone areas Lack of public awareness to hazards/risks Building codes are poorly enforced or non-existent Environmental degradation - resource depletion lowers resilience
The 2 deadliest disasters of 2006 were both in Asia -Indonesian EQ (May) killing 5,778
Exposure (People/year) > 100'000 10'000 - 10'000 1'000 - 10'000 100 - 1'000 10 - 100
Earthquakes in Asia
The Pacific rim experiences 90% of all the worlds earthquakes. In 1976, China had the most deadly earthquake ever known. It killed 800,000 people. More than 50 cities in Asia with a population greater than 1,000,000 are at significant risk for an earthquake. Recent major events are Iran in 2003, Indonesia in 2004,2005,2006, Pakistan in 2005,
Exposure (People/Year) > 100'000 10'000 - 100'000 1'000 - 10'000 100 - 1'000 10 - 100
Flooding in Asia
The year 2000 saw the worst flooding in 60 years for Vietnams Mekong Delta region, 40 years for Cambodia, 35 years for Laos, and in a century for western Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. Year 2007 August Floods in India, Nepal and Bangladesh caused significant economic losses Recent events in 2007 show major threat is from flash floods which is evident from Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Philippines
Exposure (People/year) > 100'000 10'000 - 100'000 1'000 - 10'000 100 - 1'000 10 - 100
Cyclones/Typhoons in Asia
There were 95 major storms in SE Asia and the Pacific regions between 1980-2000. Since 1970, cyclones have killed an estimated 1.5 million in Bangladesh. The October 1999 storm surge in Orissa, India, affected 15 million people, killed 9,500 people, destroyed 3 million homes, and left seven million people homeless. Recent major events were in Karachci Pakistan in 2007, Vietnam and Philippines in 2006
Volcano Occurrence
Volcanoes in Asia
Of the 16 largest eruptions in the last two centuries, five occurred in Asia. Three of these, all in Indonesia, killed 130,000 people. The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 was the second largest eruption of the 20th century. The Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea are all at significant risk for volcanic eruptions. Mt. Pinatubo 1991
Of the 10 largest Asian cities; 7 are prone to multi hazard risks and are awaiting a catastrophic event
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Safer Cities 12: Demonstration Housing Construction for Landslide and Flood Prone Areas (Sri Lanka)
Program for Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Mitigation in Secondary Cities in Asia (PROMISE) 2005-2008 Phase I
5 highly vulnerable urbanizing cities: Chittagong (Bangladesh), Hyderabad (Pakistan), Dagupan (Philippines), Kalutara (Sri Lanka) & Da Nang (Vietnam) - linked to watersheds, river basins or at risk coastal belts
Aim: to reduce vulnerability of urban communities to hydrometeorological disasters in S + SE Asia to measurably alleviate human suffering, prevent loss of life, and reduce the potential for physical and economic damage through: City demonstration projects Regional + national capacity building Advocacy for mainstreaming of risk management in urban governance Regional network + information dissemination
Specific Action
a) How- to resource toolkits that translate awareness into action Specific UDRM focussed courses targeted at city & national officials & private sector developers Partnerships with urban authorities & regional city networks (Citynet, ICMA, IULA, ICLEZ) Safer sister city partnerships & network
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