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Urea-formaldehyde is also called urea-methanal and is named so for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure. It is a non-transparent thermosetting resin or plastic These resins are commonly used in adhesives, finishes, and molded objects. Urea-formaldehyde resins are used mostly as adhesives for the bonding of plywood, particleboard, and other structured wood products.

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 The synthesis of a urea-formaldehyde resin occurs in two stages. In the first stage of production, urea is hydroxymethylolated by the addition of formaldehyde to the amino groups. The second stage of urea-formaldehyde resin production includes the condensation of the methylolureas to low molecular weight polymers.

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The Leading Reactions

The increase in the molecular weight of the urea-formaldehyde resin under acidic conditions is a combination of reactions leading to the formation of:
a) methylene bridges between more amido nitrogens by the reaction of methylol and amino groups on reacting molecules b) methylene ether linkages through the reaction of two methylol groups c) methylene linkages from methylene ether linkages through the splitting out of formaldehyde d) methylene linkages through the reaction of methylol groups splitting out water and formaldehyde in the process.

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 In alternate production of urea resins are made by the condensation of formaldehyde and in an aqueous solution, using ammonia as an alkaline catalyst. This condensation reaction leads to the formation of a colourless, syrupy solution It can also be mixed with cellulose filler which produce powders for moulding into solid objects. Due to the influence of heat and pressure, the resin at this point is made up largely of low-molecular-weight.

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What is the composition of Formaldehyde? What are the application of the resins? What is the process of formation of the resins? Describe the alternate method.

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