Appearance of a Newborn

Skin -Color Ruddy complexion due to the increase concentration of RBC in blood vessels & decrease in amount of subcutaneous fats Cyanosis generalized mottling in the lips, hands, and feet are likely to appear blue from immature peripheral circulation. Acrocyanosis bluish discoloration of hands & feet. Normal 24-48 hrs after birth Central cyanosis or cyanosis of trunk which indicates decreased oxygenation

 Jaundice yellowing of the skin due to hyperbilirubinemia Cephalhematoma is the collection of blood in the periosteum of the skull bone Pallor usually results from anemia may be caused by excessive blood loss when the cord is cut inadequate flow of blood from the cord to the infant during birth fetal- maternal transfusion low iron stores blood incompatibility

 Harlequin sign is the bluish discoloration on the dependent side of the fetus during lying Birthmarks Hemangiomas are vascular tumors of the skin 3 types Nevus Flammeus- macular purple or dark red lession that is present at birth. - a.k.a. port wine stain Strawberry Hemangiomas- elevated areas formed by immature capillaries and edothelial cells. Associated with high level of estrogen

 Cavernous Hemangiomas- dilated vascular spaces, looks like strawberry hemangioma but do not fades with time

Mongolian Spot- collection of pigment cells that appear as slight gray patches across the sacrum or buttocks and possibly on arms and legs Vernix Caseosa- white cream like substance that serves as skin lubricant

Lanugo- fine downy hair that covers the newborns shoulder, back and upper arms Desquamation- drying of the newborns skin which is normal

Milia- pinpoint white papule that can be found on the cheek or across the bridge of the nose that disappear by 2-4 weeks of age

 Erythema Toxicum- newborn rash, due to the eosinophils reacting to the environment as the immune system matures Forceps Marks- circular or linear contusion matching the rim of the forceps Skin turgor- Resileint= hydrated Elevated ridge= dehydrated

 Head Fontanelles Sutures- allows molding of the cranial bones during vaginal birth Molding- overlapping of the cranial bones Caput Succedaneum- edema on the scalp at the presenting part of the head Cephalhematoma- collection of blood between the periosteum of the skull and the bone itself Craniotabes- localized softening of the cranial bones