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Chapter 16

Convergence of Nonlinear Analysis

Contents
16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 What Are Nonlinear Analyses? Solution Methods Important Concepts for Convergence Controls Basic Solution Options Advanced Solution Options Exercise: Hyperelastic Planar Seal
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16.1

What Are Nonlinear Analyses?

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16.1.1 What is a Nonlinear Structure

Forces
Displacements

Forces Displacements
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16.1.2 Causes of Nonlinearities


Geometric Nonlinearity Material Nonlinearity Status Nonlinearity

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Geometric Nonlinearity
Displacement

Moment arm
Force

Forces Displacements
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Material Nonlinearity

Stress

Stress

Mild Steel

Rubber

Strain

Strain

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Status Nonlinearity
Force

The contact area depends on the applied force

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16.1.3 Consequences of Nonlinearities


Principle of superposition no longer applicable Solution may depend on loading history

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16.2

Solution Methods

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16.2.1 Equations for a Nonlinear Structure


KD D F

F(D)

K(D)

D
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16.2.2 Incremental Method


KD D F
Error F 2 Calculated Response 1 Actual Response D
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16.2.3 Newton-Raphson Method


Actual response F = F4 F3 F2 4

2
1

F1

D1

D2

D3

D = D4

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16.2.4 Convergence Criteria in ANSYS


Actual respons e 2 1 3

F = F4 F3 F2 F1

D 0.05 Dmax F 0.005 Fmax

D1

D2

D3 D = D4

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16.3

Important Concepts for Convergence Controls

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16.3.1 Radius of Convergence


Radius of convergence

F Actual response

Do

Do

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16.3.2 Consistent Stiffness Matrix


K Kinc Ku K Ka

Tangent stiffness Additional stiffness due to deformation (geometric change) Additional stiffness due to stress stiffening Additional stiffness due to change of loading direction.
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16.3.3 Load Steps, Substeps, and Equilibrium Iterations


Load step 2 F = F4 F3 F2 F1 Actual respons e 2

Load step 1

Load

Substeps

D1

D2

D3 D = D4

Time

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16.3.4 Concepts of Time


The ends of load steps or substeps can be identified by time. For dynamic problem, time is used as a real-world clock. For static problem, time is used as a counter.

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16.3.5 Automatic Time Stepping


For nonlinear problem, the userinput t is used as initial incremental time. ANSYS adjusts t automatically according to the convergence behavior of the solution.

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16.3.6 Text Output Information


1 2 3

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16.3.7 Graphical Output Information

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16.3.8 Automatic Nonlinear Solution Control


SOLCONTROL command can be used to activate automatic nonlinear solution control algorithm. The default is ON.

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16.4

Basic Solution Options

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Basic Solution Options


01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 SOLCONTROL, Key ANTYPE, Antype NLGEOM, Key TIME, TIME NSUBST, NSBSTP, NSBMX, NSBMN, Carry DELTIM, DTIME, DTMIN, DTMAX, Carry AUTOTS, Key KBC, KEY OUTRES, Item, FREQ, Cname MONITOR, VAR, Node, Lab

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16.4.1 Analysis Type (ANTYPE)


For nonlinear analysis, only two analysis types applicable: STATIC and TRANS.

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16.4.2 Nonlinear Geometry (NLGEOM)


NLGEOM turns ON/OFF the effects of geometric nonlinearity.

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16.4.3 Load Step Time (TIME)


TIME specifies the time at the end of the following load step.

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16.4.4 Number of Substeps (NSUBST, DELTIM)


NSUBST, NSBSTP, NSBMX, NSBMN, Carry DELTIM, DTIME, DTMIN, DTMAX, Carry

NSUBST specifies number of substeps for the following load step. DELTIM specifies time for each substep for the following load step. The two commands are equivalent, i.e.,
TIME DELTIM NSUBST
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16.4.5 Automatic Time Stepping (AUTOTS)


AUTOTS turns ON/OFF the functions of auto time stepping.

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16.4.6 Ramped/Stepped Loading (KBC)


Load

Stepped load

Substeps Time 0

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16.4.7 Output Controls (OUTRES)


OUTRES, Item, FREQ, Cname

OUTRES controls the amount of data stored in Jobname.RST.

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16.4.8 Monitor File (MONTOR)

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16.5

Advanced Solution Options

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Advanced Solution Options


01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 EQSLV, Lab, TOLER, MULT SOLCONTROL, Key1, Key2 NEQIT, NEQIT CNVTOL, Lab, VALUE, TOLER, NORM, MINREF NROPT, Option,, Adptky LNSRCH, Key PRED, Sskey, --, Lskey SSTIF, Key PSTRES, Key CUTCONTROL, Lab, VALUE, Option TIMINT, Key, Lab TINTP, GAMMA, ... NCNV, KSTOP, DLIM, ITLIM, ETLIM, CPLIM
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16.5.1 Equation Solver (EQSLV)


EQSLV lets you choose the algorithm solving the equations.

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16.5.2 Time Step Prediction Based on Contact Status (SOLCONTROL)


SOLCONTROL, Key1, Key2

The second key of SOLCONTROL command is to ask ANSYS to adjust time steps according to contact status.
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16.5.3 Number of Equilibrium Iterations (NEQIT)


NEQIT specifies the number of iterations beyond which ANSYS would start another attempt.

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16.5.4 Convergence Criteria (CNVTOL)


CNVTOL overrides the default convergence criteria.

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16.5.5 Newton-Raphson Option (NROPT)


NROPT, Option,, Adptky

(a) Full Method

(b) Modified Method

(c) Initial Method

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16.5.6 Line Search (LNSRCH)


LNSRCH turns ON/OFF the line search algorithm in ANSYS.

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16.5.7 Predictor (PRED)

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16.5.8 Adaptive Descent (NROPT)


NROPT, Option,, Adptky

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16.5.9 Stress Stiffening (SSTIF, PSTRES)


SSTIF/PSTRES turns ON/OFF the computation of stress stiffness (Ks) and storing on file.

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16.5.10 Cutback Control (CUTCONTROL)


CUTCONTROL specifies the conditions in which ANSYS would decrease time step during auto time stepping.

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16.5.11 Time Integration Effects (TIMINT, TINTP)


TIMINT, Key, Lab TINTP, GAMMA, ...

TIMINT turns ON/OFF transient effects. The parameter GAMMA of TINTP command can be used to introduce a numerical damping.
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16.5.12 Stop Control (NCNV)


NCNV, KSTOP, DLIM, ITLIM, ETLIM, CPLIM

NCNV specifies the stop (failure) conditions of the computation.

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16.5.13 Terminating an Analysis

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16.5.14 Restarting an Analysis


An analysis terminated normally can be restarted.

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16.6 Exercise: Hyperelastic Planar Seal

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