Diode Characteristics

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Diode Characteristics

V-I Characteristics

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Diode Characteristics

 VT

is cut-in, knee, offset, turn-on, or threshold voltage. Is is reverse saturation current.

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Si Diode versus Ge Diode

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Temperature Effects
Is almost

doubles for every 10 C rise in temperature. VZ increases with temperature. The width of the depletion layer decrease and hence barrier potential decreases with rise in temperature. As a result, VT decreases by 2mV for each celsius degree rise in temperature.
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DIODE RESISTANCE

Two kinds :
1.

2.

Static or DC Resistance (High Value) : It is the resistance offered by the diode to a dc current. Dynamic or AC Resistance (Low Value) : It is the resistance offered by the diode to ac current.

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Static or DC Resistance

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Dynamic or AC Resistance

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Diode Equation
ID = IS (e VD/VT -1)

= ideality factor
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Dynamic Resistance of a Diode

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Ideal Diode
Ideally, a diode should have RF = 0 and RR = Draw the V-I characteristics of an ideal diode.

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Ideal Diode Characteristics

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Circuit Model of a Diode

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Simplified Circuit Model

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Diode Rectifiers

Block Diagram of DC Power Supply

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Diodes in Rectifier Circuits

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Half-wave Rectifier

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Full-wave Rectifier (Centre-tap)

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Full-wave Rectifier (Bridge)

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Diode Ratings
Current Handling Capacity. 2. Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV ): It is the
1.

largest reverse voltage that is expected to appear across the diode. Usually, diodes are selected which have VZ at least 50 % greater than PIV.

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PIV Ratings

For half-wave rectifier : Vm

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Figures of Merit of a Rectifier

1. Ripple Factor (r) :

2. Rectification Efficiency () :

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Voltage Regulation:The variation of d.c. o/p voltage as a function of d.c. load current is called voltage regulation. In other words, the degree to which a power supplies varies in o/p voltage under condition of load variation is measured by a term known as voltage regulation.

Vno load - Vfull load % Voltage Regulation 100 % Vfull load

An ideal power supply has full load voltage equal to the its no-load Voltage and hence zero % regulation.
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Performance of Half-wave Rectifier

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Total RMS Value :

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RMS Value of AC Components :

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Note that this is a general result. Now, for Half-wave Rectifier :

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Performance of Full-wave Rectifier

How much is its period in terms of t ?

Its period is , and not 2.

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Total RMS Value :

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Ripple Factor :

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Rectification Efficiency :

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