Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT THEORIES
AM
HF
EM HD
MANAGEMENT THEORIES
More PRESCRIPTIVE
emerge.
Daniels, 2004
Hierarchy of Needs
growth emotional
physical
Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological Needs
Hierarchy of Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
from physical attack from emotional attack from fatal disease from invasion
Hierarchy of Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers, family, clubs Affection - love and be loved Control - influence over others and self
Hierarchy of Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
Esteem Needs
emotional (ego)
respect from others through: awards honors status respect for self through: mastery achievement competence
Congratulations
Self-Actualization Needs
stop cruelty and exploitation encourage talent in others
Satisfaction
(Motivation)
The desire to reach our potential drives us to seek growth and provides incentive to achieve.
Involves intrinsic factors Results from personal growth Is based on the job content- elevated by significant, interesting and challenging work
Dissatisfaction
( Hygiene)
Causes discontent or disappointment
Is based on: The environment or context of the job The need to avoid unpleasantness Extrinsic factors
Four Scenarios:
* High Hygiene + High Motivation: The ideal situation
where employees are highly motivated and have few complaints. * High Hygiene + Low Motivation: Employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated. The job is perceived as a paycheck. *Low Hygiene + High Motivation: Employees are motivated but have a lot of complaints. A situation where the job is exciting and challenging but salaries and work conditions are not up to par. *Low Hygiene + Low Motivation: The worst situation. Unmotivated employees with lots of complaints.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE Societys dominant institutions are responsible to provide for the growth and well being of people.They should provide employees the means for growth and self-actualization.
KEY CONCEPTS Both Hygiene and Motivation must be addressed simultaneously. You must provide the environment for the employee to motivate themselves. You must add meaningful tasks to a job to provide greater involvement and interaction with the task for your employee. It is important to effectively utilize all available resources.
Practical Applications
Hygiene Issues:
Have clear, written policies that are fair and equally applied to all. Supervisors need leadership skills, need to treat and evaluate all fairly and be able to provide positive feedback. Employees must have secure jobs and be fairly compensated. Employees must become a team, socialize and create interpersonal relationships within the work environment. Inappropriate, offensive, or disruptive behavior must be halted. Equipment and facilities must be conducive to employees- including comfort, ease of use and ergonomic design.
Motivational Issues:
Set clear, achievable goals/standards for each position with timely feedback indicating progress. Place employees in positions that utilize their talents, give them responsibility, challenge them but do not overwhelm/ overload them. Acknowledge employee accomplishments- publicly and in a timely manner. Create employee ownership- tasks should be meaningful and challenging, with the employee having the freedom/ power to do the assigned tasks. Provide opportunities for advancement- position or title changes to successful employees and/or continuing training and education.
Always continue the climb. It is possible for you to do whatever you choose, if you first get to know who you are and are willing to work with a power that is greater than ourselves to do it. Ella Wheeler Wilcox
ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION OF ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT Management of Islam are management based on available resources and the Quran, Sunnah, Hadith, Islamic history and experience.
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AL-SYURA
AKHLAK (CHARACTER)
PERSAUDARAAN (BROTHERHOOD)
IHSAN
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FIVE PRINCIPAL ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT FAITH (KEIMANAN) Faith is the key concept of management priciples in Islam. From the Islamic perpective need manager duties as Caliph of Allah and be fair and impartial. One must obey God and perform deeds of kindness.
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Melaksanakan tugas sebagai khalifah Allah Mestilah adil dan saksama Mestilah Taat kepada Allah S.W.T Melaksanakan tuntutan Amal Makruf dan Nahil Mungkar
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FIVE PRINCIPAL ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT CHARACTER (AKHLAK) Manager who have good character to enclosed relationship between employees and thus to establish the success of the world and the hereafter. In the Koran there many guideline that can help people towards the direction away from the characteristics and merit.
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(2)Akhlak
Sumber utama daripada Al-Quran dan Hadith Berasaskan wahyu dan perilaku Rasulullah Di dalam Al-Quran terdapat banyak panduan yang boleh membentuk manusia ke arah sifat mulia dan menjauhi sifat terkeji Pengurus yang mempunyai akhlak yang baik dapat merapatkan hubungan antara pekerja-pekerjanya Dan seterusnya dapat membentuk kejayaan Dunia dan Akhirat
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FIVE PRINCIPAL ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT IHSAN Compassionate mean behavior that is honest, kind, sympathetic attitude, cooperation and etc. Whereall these attitudes will ensure excellence in the management and can deliver success.
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FIVE PRINCIPAL ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT BROTHERHOOD (PERSAUDARAAN) People connected to each other by family ties. The principal of helping people make the brotherhood and cooperation. Succesfully fostered a spirit of camaraderie within the organization will strengthen the management of the organization.
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(4)Persaudaraan
Manusia dihubungkan antara satu sama lain dengan tali persaudaraan Manusia juga dihubungkan berdasarkan keimanan dan kemanusiaan Tali persaudaraan tidak terikat dengan sempadan geografi Prinsip persaudaraan menjadikan manusia tolong menolong dan bekerjasama Semangat persaudaraan yang berjaya dipupuk dalam organisasi akan meneguhkan pengurusan 55
FIVE PRINCIPAL ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT AL-SHURA It mean the deliberations. Al-shura to solve problems arising from mismanagement and employees who make decisions based on opinion alone.
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Menurut Mohd Mansor (1991), prinsip pengurusan Islam terdiri daripada : (5)Al-Syura Bermaksud musyawarah Dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang timbul daripada kesilapan pengurusan dan pekerja yang membuat keputusan berdasarkan pendapatnya sahaja
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PENGHAYATAN SYURA
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Islam berasaskan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah telah menggambarkan pengurusan kakitangan berunsurkan kesepaduan antara kepakaran dan akhlak boleh melahirkan organisasi yang cekap dan berkesan. Persepaduan ini mampu membentuk sumber manusia yang mempunyai daya kerja yang tinggi di samping jujur, amanah dan ikhlas. Mampu membentuk suasana kerja yang aman dan selesa serta merangsangkan kerja berpasukan yang lebih intim. Golongan pekerja dan pengurusan yang terlibat akan terikat dengan satu ikatan kemasyarakatan islamdan keimanan.
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b) Penghayatan syura
Rasulullah s.a.w begitu mengambil berat terhadap al-syura sebagai mematuhi perintah Allah s.w.t dalam membuat sesuatu keputusan. Syura menggambarkan keputusan bersama sebelum ia dikuatkuasakan. Oleh yang demikian setia pekerja mestilah mematuhi keputusan tersebut dan tidak boleh mengingkarinya.
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Allah s.w.t menjadikan manusia daripada roh dan jasad. Kedua-kedua aspek ini perlu diseimbangkan bagi memenuhi tuntutan dunia dan akhirat. Oleh yang demikian Islam tidak perlu membenarkan sesiapa sahaja mengurangkan dan menjejaskan hak-hak yang diperuntukkan.
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Pengawasan pekerja dalam sesebuah organisasi adalah penting kerana ia dapat memperbaiki mutu perkhidmatan dan memastikan penggunaan masa yang sepenuhnya. Islam menyeru umatnya agar sentiasa menilai segala hasil kerjanya supaya dapat memenuhi permintaan semasa. Bagi pekerja yang mempertingkatkan hasil kerjanya perlu diberi kadar upah yang lebih tinggi.
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Pengurusan islam lebih berbentuk permuafakatan dan kerjasama antara pekerja dengan majikan dan pekerja sesame pekerja. Sifat ini penting di dalam sesebuah organisasi kerana ia boleh membentuk kemantapan pengurusan organisasi.
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A. Pengambilan Pekerja Baru dan Pemilihan o Tujuan untuk mengambil pekerja baru ialah untuk memenuhi permintaan organisasi terhadap tenaga manusia. o Matlamat pemilihan keatas pekerja untuk mengenalpasti pekerja-pekerja yang layak bagi menjawat sesuatu tugasan. o Pengurus hendaklah memilih pekerja yang sesuai dan mempunyai kebolehan bagi menjawat sesuatu jawatan.
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B. Latihan dan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia Tujuan latihan untuk memperbaiki dan mempertingkatkan pengeluaran dan perkhidmatan syarikat. Pekerja pula perlukan latihan untuk mempertingkatkan kemahiran dan prestasi kerja serta kembangkan bakatnya. Program latihan merangkumi 3 perkara :
Jasmani Intelektual Rohani
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C. Penilaian Kerja dan Hasilnya Islam sentiasa menyeru umatnya agar menilai segala hasil kerjanya dari masa ke semasa supaya dapat memenuhi permintaan semasa. Tujuan untuk mengawal kualiti pekerjaan seseorang dan hasil kerja. D. Perhubungan antara Pihak Pengurusan dan Pekerja Pihak pengurusan hendaklah memberi perhatian yang sewajarnya terhadap perhubungan dengan pekerjanya. Perhubungan yang baik boleh mempertingkatkan kualiti pengurusan kontraktor dan beri kesan kepada produktiviti.
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