THE PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT 1965

HISTORY
The practice of paying bonus in India is originated during First World War when certain textile mills granted 10% of wages as war bonus to their workers in 1917. In 1950, the Full Bench of the Labour Appellate evolved a formula for determination of bonus. A plea was made to raise that formula in 1959. At the second and third meetings of the18th Session of Standing Labor Committee held in New Delhi in March/April 1960, it was agreed that a Commission be appointed to go into the question of bonus and evolve suitable norms. A Tripartite Commission was set up by the Government of India to consider in a comprehensive manner, the question of payment of bonus based on profits to employees employed in establishments and to make recommendations to the Government. The Government of India accepted the recommendations of the Commission subject to certain modifications. To implement these recommendations the Payment of Bonus Ordinance, 1965 was introduced on 29th May, 1965. To replace the said Ordinance the Payment of Bonus Bill was introduced in the Parliament.

Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 was enacted to provide for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments on the basis of profits or productivity and for the matters connected therewith. The Act applies to:(i) Every factory as defined under the Factories Act, 1948 (ii) Every other establishment in which 20 or more persons are employed on any day during an accounting year. The Act is enforced through the Central Industrial Relations Machinery (CIRM). CIRM is an attached office of the Ministry of Labour and is also known as the Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) [CLC(C)] Organisation

The key provisions of the Act are: According to the Act, the term 'employee' means "any person employed on a salary or wage not exceeding three thousand and five hundred rupees per men in any industry to do any skilled or unskilled manual, supervisory, managerial, administrative, technical or clerical work for hire or reward, whether the terms of employment be express or implied". An employee is entitled to be paid by his employer a bonus in an accounting year subjected to the condition that he/she has worked for not less than 30 working days of that year.

 Payment Of Minimum bonus

Every employer shall be bound to pay to every employee in respect of any accounting year, a minimum bonus which shall be 8.33 per cent of the salary or wage earned by the employee during the accounting year or one hundred rupees, whichever is higher, whether or not the employer has any allocable surplus in the accounting year. Where an employee has not completed fifteen years of age at the beginning of the accounting year, the minimum bonus payable is 8.33% or Rs 60 whichever is higher. [section 10].

While computing number of working days, an employee shall be deemed to have worked in an establishment even on the days on which (a) He was laid off (b) He was on leave with salary/wages(c) He was absent due to temporary disablement caused by accident arising out of and in course of employment and (d) Employee was on maternity leave with salary/wages. [section 14].

 Payment of maximum bonus

Where in respect of any accounting year, the allocable surplus exceeds the amount of minimum bonus payable to the employees, the employer shall, in lieu of such minimum bonus, be bound to pay to every employee in respect of that accounting year bonus which shall be an amount in proportion to the salary or wage earned by the employee during the accounting year subject to a maximum of twenty per cent of such salary or wage. [section 11(1)].

The Act is not applicable to Government employees, the employees of Municipal Corporation or Municipality, railway employees, university and employees of educational institutions, public sector insurance employees, employees of RBI and public sector financial institutions, charitable hospitals, social welfare organisations and defence employees. The Act does not apply to any institution established not for purpose of profit.

Who are eligible for bonus ?

-Where the salary or wage of an employee exceeds Rs 2,500 per month, the bonus payable to such employee under sections 10 or 11 shall be calculated as if his salary or wages were Rs 2,500 per month. [section 13]. In other words, employees drawing salary or wages between Rs 2,500 to Rs 3,500 per month, are entitled to bonus on the basis of Rs 2,500 per moth salary only. Salary above Rs. 2,500 is not considered for calculation of Bonus. [section 12]. Employee drawing salary/wage exceeding Rs 3,500 is not entitled to any bonus under the Act.

Salary or wages for calculating bonus

Employees drawing salary or wages up to Rs 3,500 per month are entitled to bonus, if he has worked for at least 30 working days in an accounting year. Even a worker working in seasonal factory is eligible if he has worked for at least 30 working days. [sec 8]

Computation of amount available for distribution as bonus

The establishment has to prepare a balance sheet and profit and loss account of the year and calculate the gross profit, available surplus and allocable surplus as per method and formula given in Bonus Act.

 In computing the allocable surplus, the amount set on or the amount set off shall be taken into account. In other words: If, in any accounting year, the allocable surplus exceeds the amount of maximum bonus payable to the employees in the establishment, then the excess surplus is carried forward for being set on in the succeeding accounting year and so on up to and inclusive of the fourth accounting year for the purpose of payment of bonus.

 All amounts payable to an employee by way of bonus under this Act shall be paid in cash by his employer within a month from the date on which the award become enforceable or the settlement comes into operation, in respect of any dispute regarding payment of bonus. But, in any other case, it shall be paid within a period of eight months from the close of the accounting year.
An employee shall be disqualified from receiving bonus if he/ she is dismissed from service for fraud, violent behavior while on the premises of the establishment or theft any property of the establishment.

AMENDMENTS IN THE PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT,1965

Amendment in Section 2 of the Act: It is proposed to make amendment in Section 2 clause 13 which defines employee and who can be covered under the Act. employee means any person (other than an apprentice) employed on a salary or wage not exceeding [three thousand and five hundred rupees] per mensem in any industry to do any skilled or unskilled manual, supervisory, managerial, administrative, technical or clerical work for hire or reward, whether the terms of employment be express or implied. In this the word three thousand and five hundred rupees is to be substituted by ten thousand rupees.

 Amendment in Section 10 of the Act:

Section 10 is known as Payment of minimum bonus and which provides details regarding minimum amount of payable bonus to eligible employees. As per the proposed amendment, subject to the other provisions of the Act, every employer shall be bound to pay to every employee in respect of the accounting year commencing on any day in the year and in respect of every subsequent accounting year, a minimum bonus which shall be 11 per cent of the salary or wage earned by the employee during the accounting year or one hundred rupees, whichever is higher, whether or not the employer has any allocable surplus in the accounting year.

 Amendment in Section 12 of the Act: Section 12 refers as Calculation of bonus with respect to certain employees under which earlier where the salary or wage of an employee exceeds [three thousand and five hundred rupees] per mensem, But now it is proposed to be substitute word three thousand and five hundred rupees to five thousand rupees.
The amendment Bill is introduced to meet the high rate of inflation and provide support to the employees by changing definition of employees who will be eligible for coverage under the Payment of Bonus Act.

Recovery of bonus due from an employer

. Where any money is due to an employee by way of bonus from his employer under a settlement or an award or agreement, the employee himself or any other person authorised by him in writing in this behalf, or in the case of the death of the employee, his assignee, make an application to the appropriate Government or such authority as the appropriate Government may specify in this behalf is satisfied that any money is so due, it shall issue a certificate for that amount to the Collector who shall proceed to recover the same in the same manner as an arrears of land revenue.

 Provided that every such application shall be made within one year from the date on which the money became due to the employee from the employer. Provided further that any such application may be entertained after the expiry of the said period of one year, if the appropriate Government is satisfied that the applicant had sufficient cause for not making the application within the said period.

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