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Properties of Bitumen
Introduction
Aggregate
(Natural)
(Artificial)
Binders
BITUMEN Process: Fractional distillation In the order of decreasing volatility Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Light Lube Oil Heavy Lube Oil Bitumen
Introduction
BITUMEN : Is the by product of the distillation or evaporation of CRUDE PETROLEUM either by natural process or in a refinery and is the basic constituent of asphalt. (British Name) Fractional distillation
ASPHALT
: A mixture of bitumen and mineral matter which may occur in natural deposits or be produced by artificial means. (American Name)
: Is the by product in the manufacture of gas from coal. Resulting initially from the destructive distillation of COAL which has been so refined as to be suitable for road work. Has some volatile oils which evaporate by exposure, leaving the tar brittle and friable. That is why overheating of tar is prohibited.
TAR
Grades of Bitumen
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 10/20 S15 (Grade based on Penetration value) for Mastic Asphalt 30/40 S35 (Grade based on Penetration value) 60/70 S65 (Grade based on Penetration value) 80/100 S90 (Grade based on Penetration value) Modified Bitumen CRMB 50, CRMB55, CRMB 60 (Grade based on Softening Point)
(Crump Rubber Modified Bitumen)
1)
2) 3)
Properties of Bitumen
Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Properties IS: 73 1992 Penetration at 25C, 1/10mm Softening point, C Specific gravity at 27C, min Flash point, C, min Water, percent by mass, max Viscosity at 60C, poises Ductility at 27C, cm, min Grade of Bitumen S 35 30-40 50-65 0.99 175 0.2 2500500 50 S 65 60-70 40-55 0.99 175 0.2 75 S 90 80-100 35-50 0.99 175 0.2 75
1000200 500100
Thin FilmOven Test (TFOT) on Residue (IS: 9382 - 1992) Penetration at 25C, 0.1mm, 100g, 5 Sec., Minimum % of Original Increase in Softening Point, C (R&B), Minimum Elastic Recovery of Half Thread in Ductilometer at 25C, %, Minimum 60 60 60 IS: 1203 1978
7
35
6
35
5
35
Effect of Temperature
Table: 500-5 of MoRT&H
Manufacturing and Rolling Temperatures
Bitumen Bitumen Mixing Aggregate Mixing Mixed Material Rolling (C) Penetration (C) (C) (C)
Laying (C)
35 65 90
170 Maximum 100 Minimum 130 Minimum 165 Maximum 90 Minimum 155 Maximum 80 Minimum 125 Minimum 115 Minimum
* The difference in temperature between the binder and aggregate should at no time exceed 14C. Laying of bituminous mixtures shall not be carried out when the air temperature at the surface on which it is to be laid is below 10C or when the wind speed at any temperature exceeds 40 km/h at 2m height unless specifically approved by the Engineer. Overlapping on successive passes by at least one-third of the width of the rear roll or in the case of a pneumatic-tyred roller, at least the nominal width of 300mm. Initial rolling shall be done with 8-10 tonnes dead weight smooth-wheeled rollers. Intermediate rolling shall be done with 8-10 tonnes dead weight or vibratory roller or with a pneumatic tyred roller of 12 to 15 tonnes weight having nine wheels, with a tyre pressure of at least 5.6 kg/sqcm. The finish rolling shall be done with 6-8 tonnes smooth wheeled tandem rollers. Moving speed shall be not more than 5 km per hour.
: A freely flowing liquid at ordinary temperature in (IS: which a substantial amount of bitumen is suspended in a solution of water. 50-65% bitumen and 35-50% water. 3 grades Rapid Setting, MS & SS.
When applied the water soaks in or evaporates allowing the bitumen particles to reunite and lie on the surface. CUT BACK : A solution of bitumen in a volatile or partly volatile 8887-1978) solvent such as petrol (Gasoline), kerosene or creosote & diesel. 80% bitumen and 20% solvent. 3 types - Rapid Curing, MC & SC.
(IS:
CUTBACK
Rapid Curing Slow Curing RC 70, RC 250, RC 800 & RC 30000 SC 70, SC 250, SC 800 & SC 3000 Medium Curing MC 30, MC 70, MC 250, MC 800 & MC 3000
BM,BPM,BUSG BM,BPM,BUSG
DBM,SDBC,BC PC PC Mastic Asphalt Mastic Asphalt 50/60 or 60/70 80/100 15+_5 30/40
Bituminous Surfacing
Either wearing course / Binder course with wearing course Wearing courses are surface dressing , PCSC, MSS, SDBC and BC Binder courses are BM & DBM BM may be designed to carry traffic <5 msa DBM is recommended for traffic more than 5 msa 10 mm BM is equivalent to 7mm DBM
Grade of bitumen will be selected based on traffic, rainfall and other environmental condition.
Mastic asphalt may be used at bus-stops and intersections. For PCSC up to 25mm, thick of surfacing should not be counted towards the total thickness of pavement(purely for wearing and will not add to structural capacity)
General Discussion
PAVEMENTS
1. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT (IRC: 37 2001) 2. RIGID PAVEMENT (IRC: 58 2002)
IS - Indian Standards BS - British Standards ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials AASTHO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Friday, June 28, 2013
IS : 73
IS : 73
IS : 73
IS : 73
IS : 73
IS : 1203, IS: 1205, IS: Two Tests Per Lot 1206 & IS: 1208 Take 500-5 MORTH (Rev-4) IS: 2386(Part-4) IS: 2386(Part-1) At regular close intervals One test per 50m of aggregate One test per 50m of aggregate One set of 3 specimens for each source of supply. One set of 3 specimens for each source of supply.
2 3 4
IS: 6241
Water Absorption
Max 1%
Max 2%
Max 2%
Max 2%
Max 2%
IS: 2386(Part-3)
Grading of Aggregate
IS: 2720(Part-4)
Two tests per day per plant both on the individual Constituents and mixed aggregates from the dryer.
One test per 25m of aggregates (for PCSC)
Binder Content
4.32 %
MORTH (Rev-4)