STUDIES ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF NEWLY DEVELOPING BEARING ALLOY

Guided by Prof. T Ramesh kumar Assoc. prof / Mech. Engg.

Presented by K Karthikeyan 114CC103 M.E. CAD/CAM

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project work is to study of newly developing alloy based upon its Mechanical properties such as in the different tests are Hardness, Tensile properties,

Impact strength, Fatigue and corrosion properties.

PURPOSE OF PROJECT WORK

The purpose of this project work to improve the Mechanical properties in the existing bearing alloy. This may replace existing bearing alloy.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Elasticity Plasticity Ductility Brittleness Fatigue Creep strength Wear resistance Corrosion resistance

Hardness
Tensile strength Compressive strength Impact

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF BEARING ALLOY

HARDNESS - Resistance of a material to deformation, indentation, or penetration by means such as abrasion, drilling, impact, scratching, and wear. TENSILE - Is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before necking. IMPACT - A high force or shock applied over a short time period when two or more bodies collide. FATIGUE - Structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. WEAR - The removal and deformation of material on a surface as a result of mechanical action of the opposite surface. CORROSION - Gradual destruction of material, by chemical reaction with its environment.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TESTING

Hardness test Tensile test Compressive test Impact test Fatigue test Corrosion test

PURPOSE OF TESTING
Often materials are subject to forces (loads). Calculate those forces and how materials deform or break as a function of applied load, time, temperature, and other conditions. Also learn about these mechanical properties by using different test. Results from the tests depend on the size and

shape of material to be tested (specimen), how it is held, and

the way of performing the test.

HARDNESS TEST
Scratch Hardness Resistance to fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to friction from a sharp object

Indentation hardness Forcing a hard material like indenter, against a flat surface of the metal, whose hardness is to measured, under a fixed load 1. Brinell hardness test 2. Rock well hardness test 3. Vickers hardness test

HARDNESS TESTING TECHNIQUES

TENSILE TEST
It measures the force required to pull something such as rope, wire, or a structural beam to the point where it breaks. Properties: Stress- strain curve Tensile strength Yield strength Percentage elongation Youngs modulus Resilience toughness

Stress-Strain Diagram
ultimate tensile strength

UTS

3 Strain Hardening 2 Plastic Region

necking

yield strength

Fracture 5

E
E

Elastic Region 1 4

Elastic region slope =Youngs (elastic) modulus yield strength Plastic region ultimate tensile strength strain hardening fracture

y 2 1

Strain (

)(DL/Lo)

IMPACT TEST
Charpy impact: A pendulum-type single-blow impact test in which the specimen usually notched, is supported at both ends as a simple beam and broken by a falling pendulum.

Izode impact: A test specimen, usually of square crossed section is notched and held between a pair of jaws, to be broken by a swinging or falling weight.

FATIGUE TEST
The effect on metal of repeated cycles of stress. Fractures usually start from small nicks or scratches or fillets which cause a localized concentration of stress. Properties: Fatigue strength Fatigue life Fatigue limit

Two Types of Fatigue

High cycle Low cycle

S-n curve

CORROSION TEST
Electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen. Rusting, the formation of iron oxides.

REFERENCES
Kwai S. Chan, Southwest Research Institute, Roles of microstructure in fatigue crack initiation.

Joel Payne a, Greg Welsh a, Robert J. Christ Jr. b, Jerrell Nardiello , John M.
Papazian, Northrop Grumman Integrated Systems, Bethpage, Observations of fatigue crack initiation in 7075-T651.

Aiguo Zhao, Jijia Xie, Chengqi Sun, Zhengqiang Lei, Youshi Hong, State Key
Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Effects of strength level and loading frequency on very-high-cycle fatigue behavior for a bearing steel. M.C. Mwanza , M.R. Joyce , K.K. Lee , S. Syngellakis , P.A.S. Reed, Materials Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Microstructural characterisation of fatigue crack initiation in Al-based plain bearing alloys.

Contd..
K. Sadananda , S. Sarkar , D. Kujawski , A.K. Vasudevan ,A Technical Data Analysis, VA, United States, A two-parameter analysis of SN fatigue life using and max Q.Y. Wang , N. Kawagoishi , Q. Chen, A Department of

Engineering Mechanics, Sichuan University, Fatigue and fracture

behaviour of structural Al-alloys up to very long life regimes. Ali Merati *, Graeme Eastaugh, National Research Council Canada, Institute for Aerospace Research, Montreal Road, M-13, Ottawa, Canada ON K1A 0R6, Determination of fatigue related

discontinuity state of 7000 series of aerospace aluminum alloys.

Contd..
R. Sadeler , Y. Totik, M. Gavgal, I. Kaymaz, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk

University, Improvements of fatigue behaviour in 2014 Al alloy by

solution heat treating and age hardening. Akira Ueno, Susumu Miyakawa, Koji Yamada, and Tomoyuki Sugiyama, A College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan Univ., Fatigue behavior of die casting aluminum alloys in air and vacuum. A. Tauqir, I. Salam, A. ul Haq, A.Q. Khan, Metallurgy Division, Dr A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories, Causes of fatigue failure in

the main bearing of an aeroengine.