Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a neuroprotective structure that prevent the entry of many substances and pathogens into

the brain tissues from blood.

1) Blood-ECF barrier in the CNS capillary bed 2) Blood-CSF barrier in the choroid plexus lateral 3rd & 4th ventricles capillaries covered by Pia mater,Ependymal cells(tela choroidea) Tight junction present between the ependymal

cells

It has Tight junctions in the endothelial cells of brain capillaries which is responsible for BBB mechanism.

The Tight junction in Blood Brain Barrier is formed by Astrocytes which types of neuroglial cells

Fibrous Astrocyte: Fibrous astrocyte occupy mainly in white matter.This type of astrocyte form Blood Brain Barrier by sending processes to the blood vessels of brain particularly the cappillaries, forming tight junc with capillary membranceTight junction in turn form Blood Brain barrier

Protoplasmic Astrocytes: It is present only in grey matter

Capillary in other organ

Endothelial cells leave the cleft called FENESTRA

Capillary in Brain
FENESSTRA is absent because it fuse with each other form TIGHT junction

It is allow several substance through endothelium

It prevents entry of many substance

1) BBB maintains a constant chemical environmental around the neuron. 2) Fluctuations in the concentrations in k+,Ca+ ,Mg- and H+ can alter the neuronal activity 3) Protect the brain from endogenous and exogenous toxins in the blood 4) This also prevents the escape of neurotransmitters into the general circulation

Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Amino acids Electrolytes Lipid-soluble substance

Injurious chemical agents Bile pigment Pathogens such as bacteria

- In brain some place dont have BBB - There are 4 small areas in or near brainstem & outside the BBB. - There are the areas in which substance in the bood can act to trigger changes in brain function without BBB

Subfornical Organ Organum Vasculosam of the Lamina terminalis Area postrema Posterior pituitary

1) BBB developes dueing early years of life 2) At this time cerebral capillaries are much more permeable than adulthood 3) Functioal maturation will be complete by 1-2 years after birth

(i)Highly permeable to water,O2,CO2,sulpha drugs and erythromycin. (ii)Slightly permeable to electrolytes H+,Na+,K+,Mg+,Cl-,HCO3- and HPO4glucose and some drugs e.g: penicilin, chloromycetin,tetracyclin (iii)Almost impermeable to: arsenic, gold,sulphur,urea,catecholamines, protein,bile salts

1.Selection of drugs during management of meningitis: Sulpha and erythromycin are most commonly given to treat meningitis which can easily cross the BBB 2.BBB breaks down areas of irradiation,infection,therefore localization of pathological area with accuracy is possible with dyes or radioactive iodine labelled with albumin

3.In infants the BBB is not developed so pile pigments penetrate into nervous system and in the presence of asphyxia,damage the basal ganglia So it produce KERNICTERUS AND JAUNDICE Occure