Disease

A disease is defined as any change (other than an

injury) that interferes with the normal functioning of the body. The Germ Theory of Disease states that an infectious disease is caused by a certain agent. There are different types of infectious agents which cause specific symptoms from which the disease may
be identified.

 Kochs postulates is a set of rules that

is used to determine whether a specific pathogen is the cause of specific disease. There are various ways in which diseases are spread. The human body has specific and nonspecific mechanisms that defend the organism against infectious diseases

Disease
A pathological condition of a part, organ, or system

of an organism

Infection Genetic Environmental stress

Infectious disease
Clinically evident illness resulting from the presence

of pathogens

Virus Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Parasites prions

Non-living pathogen

Opportunistic pathogen
Immunosuppressed

Infectious disease
Can be slow or fast when it spreads

Can be transferred through different vectors

Disease vs infection
Which is which?

Type of Diseases Genetic Age Infectious

Manner of infection
Entrance to the host body Adhere to specific host cells Invade and colonize Multiply between host cells or body fluids Tissue damage Production of toxins or destructive enzymes

Germ Theory
Microorganisms can cause diseases

Infectious disease is caused by an infectious agent

Kochs Postulate
Series of experimental steps to determine the cause

of a disease

Kochs Postulate
The microorganism must be found in abundance in

all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy animals. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

Kochs postulate

Modes of Infection
Direct contact

Indirect contact fecal oral route

Airborne (droplet infection)

Vector

Body Defense
Non-specific

Specific Humoral Cell-mediated

Other terms
Lysosome

Mesosome
Pili Plastid

cilium/cilia flagellum/flagella peroxisome glyoxisome

Leucoplast/amyloplast
Chromoplast Cytoskeleton

Microtubule
microfilament