TRANSPORTATION

MEANDERS
OX BOW LAKES
FLOODPLAINS
LEVEES
DELTA
BRAIDED CHANNEL
 TRACTION SALTATION
This is where boulders and pebbles are Sand sized
rolled along the river bed at times of high particles are
discharge. bounced along
the river bed by
the flow of water

SUSPENSION
Fine clay and sand
particles are carried
along within the
water, even at low
discharges

SOLUTION
Some minerals dissolve in water
such as calcium carbonate. This
requires very little energy.
Formation of slip-off slope & cliff
Riffle & pools
Formation of Ox bow Lakes
 Strongest Current
Sediments deposited
on inside of bend

Rapid Erosion on
outer side of banks

The Gap between

the two arms of the
river has narrowed
by erosion
 River still Flows
around meander

River Breaks through

gap when in flood

Old Path of now dry

river

Abandonded
Meander or Oxbow
Current along lake
straighter path
becomes dominant
It is flat area of Levees are high
land either side of banks of silt close to
river forming the river channel
valley floor. which are formed by
repeated river
They are flooding.
composed of
alluvium It is common in lower
deposited by river course of a river
and form fertile where there is
soil. floodplain.
 Floodplains and levees are formed by deposition
in times of river flood.
 The river’s load is composed of different sized
particles.
 When a river floods it deposits the heaviest of
these particles first.
 The larger particles, often pebble-sized, form the
levees.
 The sands, silts and clays are similarly sorted with
the sands being deposited next, then the silts and
finally the lightest clays.
 Every time the river floods deposition builds up the
floodplain.
 Width of Floodplain
B l u f f L In e

B lu f f L I n e
Coarser Material Levee
Finer Material
Deposited first
Carried further
Layers of silt Channel
deposited by earlier
floods

River

Bedload causes bed

of river to rise
 Deltas are areas of
land at the mouth of
a river jutting out
into sea.

Delta

Deltas are often popular areas for

farming due to the presence of fertile
alluvial soils. Deltas are associated with
the old stage of a river.
B)Arcuate/ fan-shaped Delta
An arcuate delta forms when a river meets the
sea in a place where the waves, currents, and
tides are strong. It is often bow shaped and
has a number of distributaries flowing across
it. An example is the Nile delta of Egypt.
C) Estaurine Delta
When the mouth of a river enters the sea and is
inundated by the sea in a mix with freshwater and
very little delta, it is called an estuary. An example of
a estuarine delta is the Seine river delta in France or
the Mackenzie river delta in Canada.