Intellectual Property Basics

What is Intellectual Property?

As opposed to movable (e.g. Cars, TV etc)
and immovable property (e.g. Land,
Buildings etc) the category of property
relating to intangible and incorporeal
subject matter such as the protection of
ideas and creative output, inventions etc
through patents, copyrights, trademarks,
industrial designs etc is Intellectual
Property.

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Advantages of IP? – a few

•Individuals: Incentive to Creators e.g. monetary and

social recognition.

•Businesses: Creating competitive advantage, new

products and sources of revenue.

•Society: Availability of new and improved products and

services e.g. a new drug saves lives.

•Government: IP major economic driver resulting in higher

GDP. Also, stimulates competition in society.

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Types of IP

•Trademarks
•Patents
•Industrial Designs (Design Patents in US)
•Copyright
•Trade Secrets
•Geographical Indication
•Integrated Circuits
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Trademarks
Business Numerals
Name

Google Inc. 555

(Cigarettes)
Graphic/ Color Combination
Logo

Sound

Slogans

Yodel

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Patents

1. Utility Patent
e.g. Color copying apparatus patent US4690542
held by Ricoh Company Ltd.

e.g. Eharmony’s patent to identify people who

are likely to have a successful relationship -
US6735568

2. Design Patent (in some jurisdictions only known as

Designs
e.g. The Bottle Design owned by the Coca Cola
Company – USD432020
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Copyright
Things that can be
protected
through copyright
• Literary works

1. Contents of a • Musical works

Book
2. Jacket Design • Dramatic works

• Pantomimes and choreographic

works

• Computer databases

• Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural

works

• Motion pictures and other

audiovisual works

• Architectural works

• Sound recordings

• Computer software, graphical user

interfaces, and webpage’s
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Geographical Indications

Whisky made from

water in
Scotland can only be
Scotch
Whisky

Feta Cheese comes

only
from Greece

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Trade Secrets

Coca-Cola formulation is
a
Secret.

Recipe for KFC’s fried

Chicken.

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Integrated Circuits

layout-designs
(topographies) of
integrated circuits

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