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Evolutionary Synthesis
Sewall Wright
Haldane were fathers of population genetics and modern evolutionary theory Working in early 1920s, worked out how to Fisher, Wright, and apply Mendels laws in a population context to provide mechanistic explanation for evolutionary change
R.A. Fisher
http://www.ars.usda.gov
J.B.S. Haldane
http://www.york.ac.uk
http://www.ucc.ie/
Population Genetics
Study of heritable variation in assemblages of organisms, and how this is affected by mutation, drift, selection, and gene flow
Mutation
Drift
Diversity
+/Selection
+
Migration
Conservation plans for plant and animal communities Responses of plant and animal communities to climate change
PIDsibk
1 1 4 2 2 2 (1 pi ) [ pi ( pi ) ] 4 2 i i i
Population Genetics and Probability Probability is at the core of much of population genetics
Reproduction is a sampling process Effects of mutation, gene flow, selection, and genetic drift must be seen as departures from expectations based on random processes
Example: 1 genetic locus and two alleles in a forest of 20 trees determines color of foliage. Green is dominant.
What proportion of offspring will have white foliage?
: 4 copies : 36 copies
Introduction to Probability
What is the probability of an individual event?
Sample Point Method
What is the probability of 3 heads on 3 tosses of a coin? What is the sample space? What proportion is occupied by 3 heads outcome?
Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Permutations and Combinations allow caluculation of the number of ways numbers or symbols can be arranged
Does the order of elements matter?
If not, then use a combination If order matters, use a permutation
Probability of A OR B
Union