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Metals
There are two groups of Metals
consist mainly of IRON
1. Ferrous
The metal must then be taken from the Ore and a big Furnace does this.
Iron
Iron comes from Iron Ore which is excavated from the ground.
The furnace used to separate the Iron from the rocks is called a
BLAST FURNACE
Blast Furnace
Iron Ore
Coke
Coke is made from coal. Once mined, the coal is crushed and washed.
Coal is then baked in coke ovens for about 18 hours. During this process, by-products are removed and coke is produced.
Flux
Flux is a term for minerals used to collect impurities during iron and steelmaking.
Limestone and dolomite are fluxes.
The flux causes a chemical reaction and elements not needed for steelmaking join together to form slag.
Blast Furnace
Tuyeres are the nozzles that the hot air is blown through
Tuyeres
The Carbon Monoxide mixes with the Oxygen in the Iron Ore (leaving Iron),
Blast Furnace
The Molten Iron falls to the bottom of the Furnace,
The limestone joins with the impurities to make Slag and floats on top of the Molten Iron.
Blast Furnace
The slag and the Molten Iron are tapped off regularly,
It is the result of smelting Iron Ore, Coke and Limestone in a blast furnace.
It is a hard but brittle mix of iron (90% or more) and carbon (typically 4-5%), manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon (roughly 3% in total).
The name is derived from the time when the iron ran into moulds. A row of moulds was said to resemble a litter of suckling pigs, so the single ingots were referred to as pigs.
To create a ton of pig Iron We start with 2 tons of ore, 1 ton of coke and ton of limestone. The fire consumes 5 tons of air. The temperature reaches almost 3000 deg F (about 1600 degrees C) at the core of the blast furnace!
Pig iron contains 4 percent to 5 percent carbon and is so hard and brittle that it is almost useless.
You melt it, mix it with slag and hammer it to eliminate most of the carbon (down to 0.3 percent) and create wrought iron.
Wrought Iron
Wrought iron is the stuff a blacksmith works with to create tools, horseshoes and so on. When you heat wrought iron, it is malleable, bendable, weldable and very easy to work with.
Or we can create steel.
Steel
Steel is iron that has most of the impurities removed. Steel also has a consistent concentration of carbon throughout (0.5 percent to 1.5 percent). Impurities like silica, phosphorous and sulfur weaken steel tremendously, so they must be eliminated. The advantage of steel over iron is greatly improved strength.
To recap