UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING I

PREPERED FOR: ASSOC. PROF. SR. ZAITON Bt YAACOB

PREPARED BY : MOHAMAD SAIFUL AZLAN BIN RASHID MUHAMMAD NURIQRAM BIN PUSPA 2012972205 2012710557

Portable Fire Extinguisher

Class Of Fire
Class A - organic solids, e.g. wood, paper, cloth.
Class B - flammable liquids, e.g. petrol, oil, paint. Class C - flammable gases, e.g. methane, propane, acetylene.

Class D - flammable metals, e.g. zinc, aluminium, uranium.

Electrical - not specifically classed because it can apply to any of the other classifications.

Class F -cooking oil and fat.

Extinguisher Agent
Extinguisher Agent Extinguisher Colour Application

Water

Red

Foam

Red With Cream Band

A and B

Carbon Dioxide

Red with Black Band

B and Electrical

Dry chemicals/powder

Red with blue Band

A, B, C and Electrical

Wet chemicals

Red With Yellow band

A and F

Special Powder

Red with blue band

Fire extinguisher Method

1. By cooling: Water is used to cool the burning material below the temperature at which it starts to burn 2. By smothering: Carbon dioxide (CO2) or foaming agents are used to smother the burning material so that air is excluded 3. By removing the fuel: Fuel can be any combustible material-solid, liquid or gas. In place of usage you require theseelements but definitely in event of fire a means to cut the fuel must be considered for instance turning off a fuel line. 4. By disrupting: Interrupting the chemical chain reaction can extinguish the fire.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPES & USES

Stored-pressure water Extinguishers

Suitability: Class - A fires contain water under pressure and are usually quite large and heavy effective against fires involving: wood, paper, plastic, rubber or textiles is safe to use around energized electrical fires provided that do not place any portion of the extinguisher within ten inches (10") of the electrical source.

The misting nozzle provides safety from electric shock and reduces the scattering of burning materials.

Carbon-dioxide
FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPES & USES
Suitability: Class - B & C fires based on the principle of lowering the percentage of oxygen within the fire area The rapid expansion of the gas on discharging produces a refrigerating effect do not leave a harmful residue - a good choice for electrical machinery and apparatus, and any situation where water would be damaging to the material after the fire is extinguished

(CO2) Extinguishers

Dry chemical Extinguishers

FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPES & USES
Suitability: Class - A, B and C fires expel a finely powdered dry chemical which, on striking flame, releases many times its volume in non-toxic fireextinguishing gases similar to CO2. consists principally of bicarbonate of soda contain a cartridge of CO2 or nitrogen (depending on size) to expel the dry chemical. These extinguishers are effective on fires of flammable liquids in vats and pools, spilled fires on floors, or in any situation where the compound stream can be swept across the burning surface

Multipurpose Extinguishers
FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPES & USES
Suitability: Class - A, B, C & D fires BC Type - based on sodium bicarbonate r potassium bicarbonate compounds ABC Type - called multi-purpose ortri-Class Extinguishers, are capable of fighting all three classes of fire mixtures of ammonium ammoniumsulphate, electrically non-conductive and D Type (powder) - combustible metal fires. Three main types are in use: Sodium Chloride Copper extinguishing agent specially developed for fighting lithium and lithium alloy fires. Ternary Eutectic Chloride developed specifically for uranium fires works similar to Sodium Chloride. It is extremely toxic. phosphate and

Design Consideration s
fire extinguishers provided in building are meant to be used by occupants as a first line defence located in positions where they will be readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire be located so that no person needs to travel more than 15m to reach an extinguisher.

General Requirement

mounted on hangers or brackets, on shelves, or in cabinets Than 5 feet (1.5m) above the floor and the bottom is at least 4 inches (10.2 cm) from the floor

Design Consideration s

Operational Requirement should be remove with force between 20 N and 100 N discharge of the portable fire extinguisher shall commence within 10 s the discharge is not less than 90% of the nominal charge of the agent shall be discharge from the extinguisher after continuous discharge including all expelling gas.

Design Consideration s

External corrosion the pressure indicator is fitted and shall be remain funtional

The extinguisher shall be tested and shall comform to operational requirement and extra additional requirement.the extra requirement is unimpaired the all parts of the mechanical operation

The metal of the extinguisher shall be not corrosion

meet the funtioning test and burst pressure requirement.

Design Consideration s
Colour And Marking red in colour and should be an area between 3% and 10% of the external area of the body coloured canary yellow shall be in such a position that can be clearly read from front when the extinguisher is on its mounting bracket

Inspection

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

1.

The extinguisher shall be in its designated place

2.
3.

Access to, orvisibility of,the extinguisher shall not be obstructed

The operation instructions on the extinguisher name plate shall be legibleand face outward Any seals or tamper indicators that are broken or missing shall be replaced

NFPA 10, 4-3.1 Frequency. Fire extinguishers shall be inspected when initially placed in service and thereafter at approximately 30 -day intervals. Fire extinguishers shall be inspected at more frequent intervals when circumstances require.

4.

5. 6.

Any obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzles shall be noted. Pressure-gauge readings when not in the operable range shall be no

Maintenance

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

to give maximum assurance that an extinguisher will operate effectively and safely

shall be performed at regular intervals, not more than 1 year apart or when specifically indicated by an inspection
extinguishers removed from the premises to be recharged shall be replaced by spare extinguishers during the period they are gone Disposable fire extinguishers can be used only once and must be replaced after one use or 12 years from the date of manufacture Certification records include the date of the test,

NFPA 10, 4-4.1 Frequency: Fire extinguishers shall be subjected to maintenance at intervals of not more than one year, at the time of hydrostatic test, or when specifically indicated by an inspection. *Maintenance procedures shall be performed in accordance with 4 -4.2\

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

Hydrostatic testing is performed by filling the container with water or another non-compressible fluid that is compatible with the fire extinguisher container. The pressure is then increased on the container to a specific point as required by the manufacturer or Federal safety standards, and the container is inspected for potential failure points. The pressure must be maintained for at least 30 seconds

HydrostaticTests to evaluate the containers strength against unwanted failure an extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, it should be subjected to hydrostatic pressure tests or replaced

Hydrostatic Test Table

Extinguisher Type Stored Pressure Water Extinguisher Foam Dry chemical with Stainless Steel shells or soldered brass shells HydrostaticTest Interval (Years) 5 5 5

Dry chemical, cartridge operated with mild steel shells

12

Carbon-dioxide

Fixed gaseous systems

INTRODUCTION
used to protect areas containing a critical equipment such as data processing rooms, telecommunication switches, and process control rooms. part of systems : agent storage contenders agent release valve fire detectors fire detection system which are wiring control panel actuation signalling agent delivery piping agent dispersion nozzles

Types of fixed gaseous system: Carbon Dioxide Halon systems FM-200 Inergen Gas Hartindo Aerosol.

FM-200

INTRODUCTION
used in Firetrace pre-engineered automatic indirect fire suppression units or a actual name is Heptafluoropropane. It is colourless odourless gas, electrically non-conductive, low in toxicity, leaves no residue, and is an extremely effective fire suppression agent.

Picture of FM-200

DESIGN CONSIDERED

The pipe work design is critical and must make sure the gas is release in 10 second. the quantity of nozzles will be determined by the throw from each nozzle and the maximum quantity gas that can flow through a nozzle.

The amount of gas required must be determined form the volume of the protected space.

COMPONENTS
FM-200 Cylinder
Store the FM-200

Cylinder Mounting Bracket

A wall mounted painted steel bracket is used to support the cylinder/valve assembly in a vertical position

Firetrace Flexible Detector/Actuation Tubing

The Firetrace tubing is used as a mixture linear heat detector and unit activation device to cause actuation of the FM-200 agent cylinder

Discharge Nozzles
Discharge nozzles are used to distribute FM-200 agent uniformly throughout the hazard area

Pressure Switch
used to display unit pressure, unit actuation and or to energize or de-energize electrically operated equipment.

Recharge Adapters
used for refilling the cylinder with FM-200 agent.

PROCEDURE OF INSPECTION AND TESTING

arrange for operational training to each shift of the owners personnel offer complete operation and maintenance instruction manuals. All aspects of system operation and maintenance shall be detailed, including piping isometrics, wiring diagrams of all circuits, a written description of the system design, sequence of operation and drawing(s) illustrating control logic and equipment used in the system Checklists and procedures for emergency situations, troubleshooting techniques, maintenance operations and procedures shall be included in the manual.

 The tests shall demonstrate that the entire control system functions as designed and intended. All circuits shall be tested. A room pressurization test shall be conducted, in each protected space, to determine the presence of openings which would affect the agent concentration levels shall provide two inspections of each system, installed under this contract, during the one-year warranty period The first inspection shall be at the six-month interval, and the second inspection at the 12-month interval, after system acceptance. , documents certifying satisfactory system operation shall be submitted to the owner upon completion of each inspection.

INERGEN
INTRODUCTION

mixture of nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide

specially developed to provide fire protection for sensitive electrical and electronic instruments and equipment.

PICTURE OF INERGEN

COMPONENT
Cylinder Assembly
The cylinder assembly is of steel assembly with a red standard finish.

Electric Actuator
Electric actuation of an agent cylinder is accomplished by an electric actuator interfaced through an autopulse Control System. This actuator can be used in hazardous environments where the ambient temperature range is between 32 F and 130 F

Detection System
The autopulse control system is used where an automatic electronic control system is required to actuate the inergen system.

Nozzles
Nozzles are considered to direct the discharge of Inergen agent using the stored pressure from the cylinders

Cont

Pressure Reducer
required in the distribution piping to limit the flow of Inergen agent, thus reducing the agent pressure down stream of the reducer

Pipe and Fittings

ECO-CHARACTERISTICS

no ozone depleting potential, does not contribute to global warming, nor does it contribute unique chemical species with extended atmospheric lifetimes
. Because inergen agent is composed of atmospheric gases, it does not pose the problems of toxicity associated with the chemically derived Halon alternative agents.

DESIGN AND OPERATION

As inert fire suppression systems are stored as gas it makes them very flexible allowing us to design systems with multiple banks of cylinders protecting multiple enclosures. This negates the need for individual banks of cylinders for each enclosure. Using directional valves multiple rooms can be piped back to a central bank of cylinders and when a detector detects a fire the correct valve is operated and the gas will be discharged into the correct enclosure. Also cylinders can be stored away from the protected enclosure within a plant room or storage area thereby making more efficient use of operational space

TESTING

Evidence of satisfactory testing for the functioning of all part should be the surveyor satisfaction. Testing schedules should include confirmation of proper functioning of alarms and safety system, valves, leakages, interlocks, flow and gas analysis and vibration level.

HALON

Halon is a liquefied, compressed gas that stops the spread of fire by chemically disrupting combustion Halon 1211 (a liquid streaming agent) and Halon 1301 (a gaseous flooding agent) leave no residue and are remarkably safe for human exposure

are low-toxicity, chemically stable compounds that, as long as they remain contained in cylinders, are easily recyclable.

PICTURE OF HALON

HALON FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM INSPECTION

During inspection, the quantity of extinguishing agent and the pressure of refillable containers must be checked. If inspection shows at least a five percent loss in net weight or a 10 percent drop in pressure, the system must be refilled or replaced.

ECO-CHARACTERISTIC
is its ability to extinguish fire without the production of residues that could damage the assets being protected

Halon protects computer and communication rooms throughout the electronics industry; it has numerous military applications on ships, aircraft and tanks and helps ensure safety on all commercial aircraft.
Halons are low-toxicity, chemically stable compounds that have been used for fire and explosion protection from early in the last century is a highly effective agent for firefighting in closed passenger carrying areas.

CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE

INTRODUCTION Co2 fixed gaseous systems is commonly used for the ships engine rooms, pump rooms, separator rooms, diesel generator rooms and rooms containing electrical and electronic equipment. Its has excellent fire-extinguishing capabilities and is relatively inexpensive, but may pose a serious risk to personnel. This because, the primarily extinguishes fires by reducing the available oxygen in the atmosphere However, co2 fixed gaseous systems has a highly valued for their specific features. For example, co2 fire suppression results in minimal damage. Co2 also not conduct electricity thus leading to a widespread use in on board spaces filled with sensitive and valuable electronic equipment and machinery.

COMPONENT
Discharge nozzels
A discharge nozzle is a device designed to release the extinguishing agent at a specific rate and design to quickly extinguish a fire

Piping
The piping network is considered to properly issue the extinguishing agent to the protected areas.

Control panel
The control panel monitors and integrates all components together and controls the audible and visual alarms and discharge functions

 Discharge Alarm or Signaling Devices

Each area protected by a fixed extinguishing system must have a distinctive alarm or signal to alert occupants that the system is discharging

Extinguishing Agent Storage Containers

Storage containers hold the extinguishing agent until it is needed and can be high or low pressure cylinders or tanks

SYSTEM TESTING
Concentration Test After initial installation, rewind, upgrade, or major modification of the unit or CO2 system, a Concentration test should be performed to demonstrate the ability of the air housing and machine to maintain the needed CO2 concentration. This test verifies:
Operation of air housing pressure relief devices Bearing pressure equalization features

CO2 concentration achieved

Time duration that CO2 concentration is maintained after and delayed releases initial

Functional Tests A CO2 system functional test must be performed simulating an actual fire using smoke bombs, local heaters, or other methods to test operation of the detectors and sensors. This test should be repeated every 5 years. Although discharge of CO2 is not required during this test, operation of the discharge valve or pneumatic/electrical discharge devices should be verified. Annually, a functional test of the control/protection circuits should be performed. This test must include verification that the unit differential relay would initiate CO2 discharge. Although discharge of CO2 is not required during this test, operation of the discharge valve or pneumatic/ electrical discharge devices should be verified.

PICTURE OF CO2 GAS

CASE STUDY
Our case study for fixed gaseous system has been conduct in green building factory, which is located at Nibong Tebal Personal Care Sdn Bhd (228234-U). Lot7278, Jalan Perusahaan 3, Kawasan Perindustrian Parit Buntar. 34200 Parit Buntar, Perak Darul Redzuan. Own by Personnel Care Resources SDn. Bhd. This company are running manufacturing factory that are produced personnel daily care stuff. Such as, tissue, shower span and the others. The factory are employed 167 person to running the manufacturing work processes. The size of the factory are double of the football field. That are divided into a few part like store, plant and machineries and administration part.

 The use of machineries and plant to process the product, the factory used heavy electric current to supply the machine power. To running directly. Because of the usage of power are heavy, the risks of fire are high. The factory are built with power room that are installed fixed gas system to prevent while emergency happen at the factory. The company choose to installed fixed gaseous system use carbon Dioxide(CO2). The maintenance and inspection of the installed extinguisher are running by their own maintenance department. The size of the power room is around 12x 18 feet. The maintenance department cares about the power room because the power are supply is important to their factory.

Picture of case study

 Position of co2 gaseous located Co2 gaseous system is dangerous to human because reducing the available oxygen in the atmosphere. So that the co2 gaseous system located far from working place. The co2 is use in power room for this company. For safety, the safety officer, En. Enrico Syafiq bin Ismail suggest to worker to prevent from passing through the area.

 Factor chosen a co2 gaseous system Co2 is suitable to located at power room. This is because, co2 gaseous system has excellent fire-extinguishing capabilities and is relatively inexpensive. If compare to other gaseous system, co2 is more capabilities to prevent a wiring and electrical for the power room. Then, co2 have a more cheapest than another gaseous system. Besides that, factor chosen the co2 gaseous system is not conduct electricity thus leading to a widespread use in on board spaces filled with sensitive and valuable electronic equipment and machinery.

Maintenance and inspection plan of the factory by Maintenance Department

Good working order and readily available for immediate use is shall be apply to the fixed gas system extinguisher. Maintenance department of the factory carried out the plan of maintenance and inspection due to maintenance and inspection procedures and instruction, required schedules for periodic maintenance and inspection and record of inspections and maintenance that including corrective actions taken to maintain the system in operable condition

 Monthly Inspections
At least every 30 daysa general visual inspection should be made of the overall system condition for obvious signs of damage and shoul include verification that All stop valves are in the closed position All releasing controls are in the proper position and readily accessible for immediate use

All discharge piping and pneumatic tubing has not been damage.
All high pressure cylinders are in place and properly secured The alarm devices are in place and do not appear damaged The pressure gauge is reading in the normal range The liquid level indicator is reading within the proper level

The manually operated storage tank main service valve is secures in the open position
The vapour supply line valve is secured in the open position

Anual inspection The following minimum level of maintenance and inspection should be carried out in accordance with the system manufacturers instructions and safety precaution: The boundaries of the protected space should be visually inspected to confirm that no modifications have been made to the enclosure that have created uncloseable openings that would render the system ineffective All storage containers should be visually inspected for any signs of damage, rust or loose mounting hardware. Cylinders that are leaking, corroded, dented or bulging should be hydrostatically retested or replaced. System piping should be visually inspected to check for damage, loose supports and corrosion. Nozzles should be inspected to ensure they have not been obstructed by storage of spare parts or a new installation of structure or machine The manifold should be inspected to verify that all flexible discharge hoses and fittings are properly tightened All entrance doors to the protected space should close properly and should have warning signs, which indicate that the space is protected by a fixed carbon dioxide system and that personnel should evacuate immediately if the alarms sound. All remote releasing controls should be checked for clear operating instructions and indication as to the space served.

Thank you