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SCOPE
WELD DEFECTS TYPES
THEIR ORIGIN
Bulbous contour
Unequal legs
Overlap
Gas pore Crater pipe
Transverse Crater
GROUP 5 - MISCELLANEOUS
Stray flash/arc burn/arc strike
Spatter
GROUP 5 - MISCELLANEOUS
Overlap
GROUP 5 - MISCELLANEOUS
Excess penetration
Root concavity
Arc strikes/Spatters
Cause hardened spots/may become crack initiation spots during service In DSS, spatters can lead to inbalance in Ferrite/austenite ratio
Effect of weld shape on cracking tendency: a) W:D = 1, sound weld b) W:D = 1.4, sound weld c) W:D = 0.7, weld tends to crack d) W:D = 2.0, weld tends to crack
Effect of shape of root run: a) Incorrect, top concave b) Correct, flat or slightly convex
Effect of weld shape in multipass welds: a & b) Concave with tendency to crack c) Slightly convex weld beads
Hydrogen
- Dry the electrode and flux - Clean and degrease the workpiece surface
Lamellar tearing
Transverse strain - the shrinkage strains on welding must act in the short direction of the plate ie through the plate thickness Weld orientation - the fusion boundary will be roughly parallel to the plane of the inclusions Material susceptibility - the plate must have poor ductility in the throughthickness direction
How Material Properties are Affected by Increasing Heat Input for SMAW
Property Yield Strength Tensile Strength Percent Elongation Notch Toughness (CVN)
Hardness
* Change 30% 10% 10% 50%, for 1.9 H <4 KJ/mm 10%
CLAD JOINTS
NO WELD SPATTERS SHOULD FALL IN THE CLAD MATERIAL
SEPARATION FROM THE BASE MATERIAL AND THE CLAD SHALL BE CLEAR
ENSURE THAT THE CLAD IS REMOVED BEFORE WELDING THE BASE MATERIAL BY CuSO4 SOLUTION PREHEATING TO BE DONE IN SUCH A WAY THAT DIRECT IMPINGEMENT OF FLAME ON CLAD MATERIAL IS AVOIDEDA ENSURE MIN. 50% OVERLAP DURING CLADRESTORATION OR OVERLAY IN SMAW AND FCAW RATERIAL HE E THAT THE CLAD IS REMOVED BLDING