Satellite image classification

Task
Satellite Image Classification:
Input: Landsat images of terrain, plus sample images of fields/ sea, forest etc Aim: segmentation of scene based on texture (and color) Additional goal: intenfication of key features such as cave openings etc Output: labeled scene

Satellite image classification Input Image

k-means Unsupervised Segmentation

or

MRF Semi- Supervised Segmentation

or

MRF Unsupervised Segmentation

Output Image

Area classification ( User Interaction)

or

Area classification ( Automated)

Dataset
20 images aquired with the IKONOS Satellite.
(http://www.satimagingcorp.com/satellite-sensors/ikonos.html

Speed on Orbit Speed Over the Ground Revolutions Around the Earth Altitude

7.5 kilometers per second 6.8 kilometers per second 14.7, every 24 hours 681 kilometers

Resolution at Nadir
Resolution 26 Off-Nadir Image Swath Equator Crossing Time Revisit Time Dynamic Range Image Bands

0.82 meters panchromatic; 3.2 meters multispectral

1.0 meter panchromatic; 4.0 meters multispectral 11.3 kilometers at nadir; 13.8 kilometers at 26 off-nadir Nominally 10:30 AM solar time Approximately 3 days at 40 latitude 11-bits per pixel Panchromatic, blue, green, red, near IR

Method 1/2
Step 1: Image Segmentation
The RGB image was converted to L*u*v color space Two unsupervised methods were used: MRF segmentation ( Kato et al. ) EM step ICM K-means

Parameters: User defined: # of regions, , temperature.

Method 2/2
Step 2: Class Characterization
User defined User chooses the desired region for classification The first order statistics (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, range) are calculated for a ROI around the selected image Automated Skeletonization technique was applied for each segmented region A sliding ROI (21 x 21) was used to extract first order statistics K-nearest neighbor classifier was used (NN)

Segmented area is also calculated

Features evaluated
Segmentation Stage: Intensity value channel U Intensity value channel V Classification Stage: Mean value Standard deviation Kurtosis Skewness

Range

GUI

Result image segmentation 1/2

Result image segmentation 2/2

Comments
Visual

evaluation seems to present good

results No serious evaluation was conducted Segmentation process is slow Dataset is too small to construct robust learning process

Future developments
Segmentation Classification

process process

Evaluation of more complex techniques Bigger training database Other texture features Different classifiers
Evaluation

Use of ground truth and shape differentiation metrics

THE END Thank you!