Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PENTOXYPHILLINE
Most widely used Acts as phosphodiesterase inhibitor Enhances concentration of cyclic AMP Used in ceoncentrations of 0.5-1.0 mg/ml
CAFFINE
Similar to Pentoxyphilline Action is through inhibition of phosphodiesterase and increasing contentration of cyclic AMP. Stimulates ascrosomal reaction and premature shedding of acrosome
2-DEOXYADENOSINE
Stimulates adenylate cyclate enzyme and increases concentration of Cyclic AMP The stimulatory effect is not consistant and varies patient to patient May be effective only when there is documented deficiency of adenylate cyclase enzyme
PROGESTERONE
Natural female hormone Induces acrosomal reaction and motility Also improvs longevity of sperm Postulated that progesterone is one of the components for stimulation and capacitation of sperm in female tract
TAURINE/HYPOTAURINE
Derived mainly from aminoacid cysteine Work as antioxidents in sperms Postulated that the female tract secrets these substances and enhances in vivo sperm activities.
HYALURONIC ACID
Unbranched polysaccharide Abundantly found in cervical mucus Increases sperm velocity Prolongs longevity
Enhances motility Limited evidence of pregnancy rate increase May not be effective in normal sperms with normal cAMP mechanisms.
IVF provides controlled study platform Pentoxyphilline improves pregnancy rates in sperms showing acrosome reaction deficiency Non selective use may be detrimental to IVF Exposure of oocytes to pentoxyphilline is not recommended
SPERM AGGLUTINATION
ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES
MECHANISMS OF FERTILITY IMPAIRMENT Immobilization of Sperm Agglutination of sperm Inhibition of sperm transport Inhibition of fertilization
TREATMENT
Antibodies in Semen Sperm Washing and Ejaculating into serum Chymotrypsin/galactose treatment Corticosteroid treatment Antisperm antibodies in cervical mucus IUI
TREATMENT