EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

PRE INDEPENDENCE

1ST STAGE

before the arrival of the British to Malaya

2ND STAGE

From the time when Francis Light acquired Penang (1786) until the end of Second World War.

3RD STAGE

formation of Malayan Union in 1946 till Malaya attained its independence, 1957
from 1957 1963 (formation of Malaysia)

4TH STAGE

PRE INDEPENDENCE
1ST STAGE

before the arrival of the British to Malaya

2ND STAGE
From the time when Francis Light acquired Penang (1786) until the end of Second World War.
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1400 1941

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

IN SURAU/ PONDOK/ MOSQUE

Vernacular Malay schools were set up in the middle of 19th century by the British

strongly objected by the locals & religious teachers

Skinner introduced a system to allow the Quran classes, after learning session Malay students entered the Malay vernacular school ( especially before the end of the 19th century).
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British government

set up teacher training centre (Sultan Idris Teachers College)

first intake in 1922 under O.T. Dussek.

policy of non-interference

Chinese set up schools based on China education system.

Vernacular Chinese and Tamil schools spreading the ideology of Kuomintang

1902 policy changed to encourage laborers from India to work in Malaya.

oppose the British

close any school that failed to follow the conditions in the

Enactment.

British passed a Registration of Schools Enactment, 1920)

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English 1816- Penang Free School was set up by tne missionary Woolley Report 1877 British financial assistance

chinese

malay

tamil

up to primary level
provide complete secondary school education further studies in China after completing Senior

Middle III
provide English education to the upper class children

futher their studies to higher institution

PRE INDEPENDENCE

3RD STAGE

formation of Malayan Union in 1946 till Malaya attained its indepence, 1957

Between 1942-1945, during Japanese rule, all types of schools were forced to close down

Education System from 1946-1957

return of British
proposed to form Malayan Union (1946)

govern. set up a Central Advisory Committee in Education

1948- formation of the Federation of Malaya

Cheeseman Report

review the education policy under new administration

Holgate Report &

recommended

Chessmans Plan
to be accepted

Rejected by Federal Legislative Council due to objection on the use of English as sole medium
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Barnes Education Committee (1950)- to study Malay education system continue Malay & English school Chinese & Tamil taught as a subject.

(Dr. W.P. Fenn & Dr. Wu) appointed to examine problems in Chinese schools

strong protest from the Chinese.

Chinese Language as the medium in Chinese School, student study other language (i.e Malay & English)

Special committee recommendations accept all suggestion in Barnes Report. to unite people of various races in Malaya

the Education

Ordinance 1952.
difficult to carry out (financial reasons)
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1946 1957

Teacher Training Programme Normal Classes (1946) Week-End Teachers Training Courses (1948) Senior Normal Classes (1948)

Government sent teacher-trainees to England for formal training Kirkby Teacher College (1951) Brinsford Logde Teacher College (1955) Kota Bharu Teacher College (1954) train lower secondary school teacher.
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EARLY INDEPENDENCE PERIOD

4TH STAGE

from 1957 1963 (formation of Malaysia)

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Razak Report
(1956)

Education Ordinance 1957

Formation of a single system of national education Recognition of the eventual objective of making Bahasa Malaysia the main medium of instruction. Commencement of a Malaysia-oriented curriculum Conception of a single system of evaluation for all

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Rahman Talib Report

Education Act 1961

Stress on 3R basic education, reading, writing and arithmetic.

Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline

Stress on a Malaysian curriculum

Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education.
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EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING THE EARLY INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1957-1963) Second Stage - Rahman Talib Report (1961) modification from Razak Report Schooling age raised to 15 years. Pupils automatically promoted up to lower secondary level i.e Form 3. Further Education Schools were established- to cater pupils who failed Examination conducted in official language only Financial assistance allocted to National Secondary Schools (SMK) & National Type Secondary School (SMJK). Free education given to all lower econdary pupils irrespected of what medium they followed. Technical Secondary Schools & Vocational Secondary Schools were set up.
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1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

6.

EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE FORMATION OF MALAYSIA (1963 1975)

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First Stage (1963-1965)

- implementation of the plannings of education system which has been legalized under Education Act 1961. -National Schools for all schools - Medium for public examination limited to English or National Language.
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Second Stage (1966-1970)

to foster unity socially, culturally & politically among various races fulfill the requirement of ever increasing enrolments of schools pupils To increase education opportunity in the whole country To increase diversify in education training facilities by way of increasing facilities in certain important fields such as agriculture, industrial science & technology To speed up the teacher training programme so as to produce sufficient qualified teachers.

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Third Stage (1971-1975) - to fulfil the requirement of the economic development

- produce more skilled labour force according to the New Economic Policy (NEP) launched early 1970s -promoting unity among the various races

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EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER 1975

1974 Cabinet Committee to study the result of the implementation of NEP.

Cabinet report 1979

Stress on 3R basic education, reading, writing and arithmetic. Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline. Stress on Malaysia curriculum. Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational. Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education.

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EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AFTER 1975

implementation of KBSR (1983) & KBSM (1989)

Preschool Education - becoming importance & expanding in eighties. private sector, public organisation & government agencies. Implementation of KBSR(Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah) & KBSM (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah)

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THE EDUCATION ACT 1995

Five Bills regarding Educations Act (tabled & passed by Parliament in 1995 & 1996) designed to put in order and to complete the legal aspect for higher education:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Education Bill 1995 Private Higher Education Institution Bill 1996 University Act and College-University (Amendments) Bill 1996 National Higher Education Council Bill 1996 National Acccreditation Board (LAN) Bill 1996

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THE EDUCATION ACT 1995 Education Bill 1995

Legislated basically on the principles and ideologies of Razak Report, Rahman Talib Report and the objectives of philisophy of education, designed according to the national vision. Main aim-to consolidate & strengthen the National Education System

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THE EDUCATION ACT 1995

Private Higher Education Institution Bill 1996 Specially applied to Private Higher Education Institutions. Main aim to increase the opportunity for students to obtain higher education by allowing private colleges & universities to set up according to the laws stated in the Education Act.

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THE EDUCATION ACT 1995

University Act and College-University (Amendments) Bill 1996
Legislated with the aim to speed up the process of corporatization & privatization of hogher education institution in Malaysia as well as to stream line its administration so that these universities could become international centres of academic excellence.

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THE EDUCATION ACT 1995

National Higher Education Council Bill 1996
Aim determining the right direction of development for institution of higher eduction in Malaysia. Committee set up by the Minister of Education would be empowered fo plan, formulate and determine the policies so that the development could be monitored.

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THE EDUCATION ACT 1995

National Acccreditation Board (LAN) Bill 1996
Main aim - to ensure that all institution of higher learning both government & private, strive to achieve a certain minimum standard and quality for every academic course offered.

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ISL Task
In groups of 3,
Build a mind map branches of philosophy. - Perennialism - Essentialism - Progressivism - Reconstructivism - Existentialism
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