Setting up and securing a campuswide WIFI network

Lessons Learned @ Georgia Cumberland Academy Ernest Staats erstaats@gcasda.org MCSE, CNA, CWNA, CCNA, Security+, I-Net+, Network+, Server+, A+ and all around Nerd URL http://www.gcasda.org/tech/index.asp?id=118

Define your WIFI needs:

Types of connections
Speed of connection Acceptable uses

Cost and redundancy

Site Survey:
What types of interference are you going

to contend with What distances do you need to broadcast What types of data are you going to support over WIFI (data/voice) Network access Setup worst-case scenario for testing Know what your signal to Noise ratio You should be expect an interview before any testing is done (how many users,
roaming, location of wiring closets)

Site Survey: Report

Describe surveys basis, approach and

results. Define all requirements, and assumptions Describe RF interference found Identify recommended installations locations and channels for Access Points Give a map with listing of RF strength, and list any dead spots
Adapted from: Certified Wireless Network Administrator certification Course available at:: http://www.cwnp.com/

Self-Installation:
Do you have the skills/ time for self-

installation Software for testing Equipment for testinguse the same equipment you plan to deploy

Consultant Installation:
How and what are they using for a site

survey The Ping of Death True load testing S/N Ask for guarantee of results and be a part of the testing process

Vendors :
So many choiceswhich one is right for

you? Standardize on ONE vendor for a given application The type of network may determine what vendor you choose

Vendor Relations
Establishing Constructive Relationships
Types of Hardware Support

Vendor 3rd-party Self

Two-way Problem Resolution

Adapted from: MSIA Seminar 2 Week 2 M. E. Kabay, PhD, CISSP Program Director, MSIA Norwich University

Establishing Constructive Relationships

Avoid the bleeding edge Price should not be the only factor Evaluate sales contact from vendor Specify who has what responsibility in

the contract Never buy under pressure (FUD) Write down details of meetings and distribute to all participants
Adapted from: MSIA Seminar 2 Week 2 M. E. Kabay, PhD, CISSP Program Director, MSIA Norwich University

Securing the network:

First, secure your wired network
Then secure your wireless network Security methods for WIFI

Radius Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WEP (easier to crack) (Change your Keys)
Airsnort,

Airfart, AirCrack, and others

A Case studyGCA:
GCA has two separate WIFI networks

one is secured and one is open. Providing wireless ISP services for another school (secured) Giving access to all staff on campus homes (secured) The campus WIFI network for student access (not secure) What went wrong What was done to solve the issues

Campus Map External WIFI

Campus Map Internal WIFI

Hardware: Used @ GCA

Amplifier (now removed from system)
Bridges 3COM work Access Points

Client cards

Photos Outside WIFI network

3Com 11 Mbps Wireless LAN Workgroup Bridge 3Com 13 dBi Directional Sector Panel Antenna (Homes) 3com Building to Building Bridge

3Com 18 dBi Directional Sector Panel Antenna (Ad Building and Coble)

Outside WIFI network cont.

AMP244 500 mW Outdoor Amplifier

Pigtail 3Com Workgroup Bridge SMA Cable Adapter

3Com 20 foot Antenna Cable

15 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna

Used Radio Shack TV Antenna mast

Inside WIFI

Meru AP100 Access Point Installing Meru A P (what is wrong?)

Meru Controller 1100 Blade

Security: used @ GCA

Building to building Networks

Used non WIFI Compatible settings WEP MAC Address Filtering Separate from main school network Open system Radius ?

Campus in the buildings

Tips
Use at least four devices to test the AP at the

same time Use same equipment in test as will be used in real life Understand what will cause issues Metal heat ducts, placement of AP, 2.4 gig Phones, etc. Understand co-channel interference

Resources: Software
Air Magnet

http://www.airmagnet.com/products/demodownload.php DrWi-Fi Net Stumbler Free http://www.netstumbler.com/downloads/ Mini Stumbler Free http://www.netstumbler.com/downloads/ Aircrack-2.1 802.11 sniffer and WEP key cracker for Windows and Linux. -Free http://www.cr0.net:8040/code/network/

Resources: Links
CWNP Learning Center has over 1000 free

white papers, case studies: http://www.cwnp.com/learning_center/index.htm l free electronic site survey forms (excellent): http://www.cwnp.com/mlist/subscribe.php GUIDE TO MASTERING NEGOTIATIONS: http://common.ziffdavisinternet.com/download/0 /2537/whiteboardtoview.pdf List of Equipment used at GCA:

http://www.gcasda.org/uploadedFiles/tec h/gcaeq.pdf

Stay away from vendors who use FUD

How FUD is used: The following is a compilation of FUD 101 v1.0 by Eric Lee Green and The Newbie's Guide to Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt by Brian Martin. There are twelve ways in which FUD is used and they are listed in 5 different categories. Urgency get our products today! 1) Buy our product now to avoid increased cost tomorrow! 2) Buy our product now because they will have the features you want in an upcoming update. Who endorses this product: 3) No one has endorsed the product. 4) Those who endorse the product are known frauds or charlatans. Technical: 5) Use large or trendy words instead of easily understood technical terms. 6) Hyping currently in use technologies and then claiming that they are such an amazing product or service because they use the common technology. Harm: 7) Only our Products or services can protect you! 8) Your company will lose future contracts without our products since they are becoming the new industry standard. 9) You need our products to save time and money today. Spin Doctoring: 10) ``Spin'' your opponent's strengths as a weaknesses, or Hype your opponent's weaknesses 11) Lie or make up weakness in opponent or for a given network. 12) Associate other vendors or an individuals current configuration with undesirable elements.

Adapted from: Paper written for MISA class by Ernest Staats