Chapter 1

[1] Analog TV

1. 2. 3. 4.

TV is the Synthesis of Electric Technology Worldwide TV systems Basic circuit Configuration for Analog TV Worldwide market Claim

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1. TV is the Synthesis of Electric Technology

1. Electric circuit (R, L, C, Filter, etc) 2. Electronic circuit (Electronic tube, Transistor, LSI, etc) 3. Communication Technology
(Electric wave transmission, Antenna, send-receive, etc)

4. Electromagnetics Technology 5. Electronic Material Technology (Various Displays) 6. Modulation, demodulation circuit 7. Oscillation circuit 8. Micro Processor & Memory 9. Analog & Digital 10. Statistics & probability

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2. Worldwide TV systems
AM Modulation System

VHF Ch 1-12 UHF Ch 13-62

Cable Station

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TV Broadcasting Frequency
<VHF Band>
76 90 108 170 222 MHz

FM Broadcasting

TV 1-3Ch

TV 4-12 Ch

<UHF Band>
470 UHF TV 50 Channels 770MHz

<SHF Band>
12GHz

satellite Broadcasting
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Broadcasting Band for TV

Video Signal Carrier Color Signal Sound Signal Sub-carrier Carrier

Y Signal

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Worldwide TV system Specification

type Items Scanning Line Q'ty (Line) A 405 M 525 60 Black&White 59.94 Color 15.75 Black&White 15.734Color 4.2 104 6 B.G 625 I 625 D.K 625 L 625 E 819

Field Quantity (Hz)

50

50

50

50

50

50

Horizontal Scanning wave Q'ty (kHz)

10.125

15.625

15.625

15.625

15.625

20.475

Video Band Width

(MHz)

3 73 5

5 73 7B type 8G type +5.5

5.5 73 8

6 73 8

6 7 3 8

10 73 14

Picture & Sync. Amplitude ratio Channel Width (MHz)

Modulation wave Frequency interval

Sound Carrier Frequency (Regarding image Carrier) (MHz)

-3.5

+4.5

+5.9996

+6.5

+6.5

+11.15

Vestigial side Band (MHz)

Attenuating Feature of Vestigial side Band (dB [MHz] )

0.75

0.75 20-1.25 42-3.58

0.75 20-1.25 20-3 30-4.43

1.25 20-3 30-4.43

0.75 20-1.25 30-4.43

1.25 0-0. 15-2.7 30-4.43

2 0-0.8 15-2.7

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type Items Video Modulation type & Polarity

A AM Positive 3 30 0 100 AM

B.G

D.K AM Negative 100 752.5 04.5 12.5 FM

L AM Positive 6 302 04.5 100 AM

E AM Positive 3 302 04.5 100 AM

AM Negative AM Negative AM Negative

100

Sync. Tip Level Flyback Blanking Level Set Up Qty

White Peak Level

100
752.5

100 762 0 202 FM

Sound Type

Carrier Peak % Modulation Feature % 1 0 0

752.5

2.886.75 1015 FM

0~2 1012.5 FM

Modulation type

Frequency Deviation kHz

Pre-emphasis Time constant

25

50

50

50

75 101~51 Japan 41

50

50

50

Video/Sound power ratio

41

101

51

101~51

101

101

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3. Basic circuit Configuration for Analog TV

Ant Sound Process Audio Amp

SPK

Tuner

IF demodulation

Video Process
YUV/RGB Display Process Color demodulation

Display

I/O

Sync. Process

H/V Drive

Power
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fk

(1) Basic Configuration for Tuner

2 Carrier Beats Detection

tuning

Super Heterodyne Detection f1-kIf

High Frequency Amplification

Input tuning

Mixer

Impedance Matching

Intermediate Frequency Amplification If

fk RF-AGC Local Oscillation

Carrier Transmitter for tuning f1

Vt Voltage

Constant Output

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Tuning Method
Voltage Synthesizer 1LC
Tuning Voltage

L
Frequency

Frequency Synthesizer
Local OSC

Counter

Comparator

Rectification

Reference OSC

Tuning Voltage Vt

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Super Heterodyne Detection

Frequency Conversion
P 100 45.75 S 104.5 41.25

RF IF

45.75 41.25 fP fS fL

100

104.5

100IF145.75 IF=45.75
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(2) Basic Configuration of Intermediate Frequency circuit

IF-AGC

Control Voltage

Maintain the Input Signal of Intermediate Frequency terminal to be constant

RF-AGC

Input electric field

IF-AGC

SIF Signal
Intermediate Frequency SAW Filter Intermediate Frequency Amplification
Video Detection

Composite Signal

Overlap to Vt Voltage AFT Detect

RF-AGC
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Intermediate Frequency Spectrum for NTSC System

Video Signal Carrier I Signal

Color Signal Sound Signal Subcarrier Carrier

1.5MHz 0.5MHz

0.5MHz

Q Signal

Y Signal

Sound Signal

3.58MHz 1250kHz 4.2MHz 4.5MHz 6MHz 250kHz

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VSB system

AFT S shape Curve

Vt Voltage

Nyquist Stope

f f

fP fo

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SIF Detection type

P S

Inter Carrier Detection

- Simple circuit - Poor Sound - Poor SN - Big Bus Sound

Split Carrier Detection

- Complicated circuit - Good Sound - Good SN - Little Bus Sound

f
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Analog TV Signal Modulation & Detection

AM Modulation Signal

White Level
Video Detection Signal MHz Band Black Level

Sync. Signal
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(3) Sound Signal Process circuit Basic Configuration

1st SIF Detection MCP 2nd SIF Detection Audio Processor Audio Output

SPK

FM Detection

Stereo Process 1 Carrier type 2 Carrier type NICAM

Tone Bass Treble Surround Dolby

A Grade Power AMP B Grade SRPP/SEPP C Grade D Grade

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Fm Detection Principle
Output

f1

f2

f3

Input

f1

f2

f3

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Multi Sound System

Sound System Type Main Channel Sub Channel Pilot Signal

Japan System USA System IGR System

NICAM System

FM-FM FM-AM FM-FM

L+R L+R R

LR LR R+L2

3.5 fH 5fH

Digital
L+RN

16Bit8Bit

16Bit8Bit

L+R
Feature of IGR type

(L+R+N)+(L-R+N2L2N

L-R

L-RN
R+L2N R+N

L+R+N)-(L-R+N2R
(R+L2N)-(RN) L+N
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R+L)/2+N RN

(4) Basic Configuration for Video Signal Process

Output Signal
Contrast Control Sharpness Control Pedestal Clamp

Brightness Control Black Control

Luminance decision

Clearness Black Stabilization decision NR consideration

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Detection Wave for TV Signal

White Level

Burst Signal Color Signal

Information Period
Horizontal Sync.Signal Pedestal (Black Level)

1H Flyback Period
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NTSC Signal Level

SMPTE170M
[IRE]
131Max. Color Saturation Ratio

(Note)When the Black Level is IRE Max. Color Saturation Ratio133 Min. Color Saturation Ratio-33

100White Level
Reference luminance Level 1Vp-p140 IRE 100IRE SMPTE170M

20 7.5Black Level 0Blanking Level

White Level 100 IRE 714V Sync. Level 40 IRE286V Black Level 7.5IRE Offset in Japan IRE

-20 -23Max. Color Saturation Ratio -40Sync. Signal Level

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Brightness & Contrast

Signal & Video Image
Image Picture Image Picture

White Level
Very bright

Black is floating bright

Contrast Max

Bright Control

Contrast Min
Black is sunk.

Black Level Horizontal Sync. Signal

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Contrast Control

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Picture Sharpness
Frequency Feature & Pulse Response
f

A
1.0

B
0.5

R(f
0 1 2 3 4 5
24

Response

Frequency MHz
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Pedestal Clamp circuit

Gain Control Amp Stable Output of Black

Clamp Period Pedestal Clamp Condenser

Bright Control

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(5) Sync. Signal Process Configuration

Equalizing pulse

Equalizing pulse

Horizontal Sync. Pulse

Sync Separator

AFC

Horizontal Transmission

Horizontal Driver

FBT

Vertical Transmission

Vertical

Driver

DY

Amplitude Separation & Frequency Separation

26

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Amplitude Separation

On

Vbe

Off

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Frequency Separation
Horizontal Input Waveform Vertical

Differentiation

Integration
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AFC circuit
Corrector Current

Vertical Oscillation Trans C

C Charge

C Discharge

Base Voltage

Base Voltage

Sync.Signal

Vertical Blocking Oscillator

Sync.Signal
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The Concept of TV Scanning

What is Scanning Line?
The pixel of RGB is scanned from left top to right direction orderly.

Sync.
Transmission Path

Scanning Line
Scannin g1point

Generation Point

Scanning side
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Receiving side

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Interlace Scanning & Progressive Scanning

TV screen
1 263 2 264 265 1 2 3 4

TV screen

261 262 524 263 525

Field I,II

Field II, IV
If Progressive Scanning has the identical Fields Then it performs scanning all at once. (b) Progressive Scanning

Interlace Scanning scans between each Field. There is Vertical Blanking Period in actual TV. Scanning Line Quantity of picture is Approx. 483 lines. (a) Interlace Scanning

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Horizontal Flyback Period

(From SMPTE 170M)
140ns20ns Horizontal Blanking End 90 10.7 50 300
0.2 0.3

200 100

ColorBurst Signal ns Start 90

50

10 Horizontal Sync. End140ns Set Up Level Pedestal Level 10

Set Up Level

90
50 50 SynkChip Horizontal Sync. 4.70.1 BurstStart 9.2

10
1.50.1

BackPorch
ColorBurst 91 Cycle
0.2 0.1

Blanking End

BlankingStart FrontPorch

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The Concept of Horizontal Flyback & Horizontal Sync.

What is Flyback? Scanning is the period to display Information, Flyback is the period that returns from the end of scanning to the beginning. B A

Horizontal Blanking Period

Horizontal Sync.Signal

Video

Video

D C
Flyback Period

Effective Video Period

Color Burst Signal

Video

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Serrated wave of Horizontal Sweep 33

Vertical Flyback Period

(Vertical Sync. Signal)
Video

1st Field
Video
Vertical Sync. Pulse

2nd Field
Horizontal Sync. Pulse

Video

(a) Basic Type

Serrated Pulse

1st Field
Video 1/2H

2nd Field
Video

(b) Serrated Pulse is inputted to Vertical Sync. Pulse 1st Field

Video

1/2H
Equalizing pulse

Horizontal Sync. Pulse

2nd Field
Equalizing pulse Horizontal Sync. Pulse

(c) Equalizing pulse application type tom0001

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Scanning Concept of Flyback

1 263 2 264 265

261
262 524 263 525

Horizontal Flyback Scanning Blanking is not visible in actual condition.

Vertical Flyback Scanning Blanking is not visible in actual condition.

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(6) Circuit Configuration of Color Signal Process

RGB Signal R
Band Pass Filter ACC Color demodulation

Matrix

B
Color Sync.

CW Transmitter

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Band Pass Filter

fc
PIF Det Feature Take-Off Feature

fc

fc

fc

PIF Det Feature

Take-Off Feature tom0001

Band Pass Feature

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VCO (Voltage Control Oscillation)

Xtal Feature

: Phase Control Sensitivity

: Voltage Control Sensitivity

V1-V2

f=k**

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Color Signal
Vector indication by each Color
MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

GREEN

WHITE

CYAN

BLUE

RED

R-Y Axis Red103) Magenta61 I Axis123

0.63

Color Bar Signal

1.00

1.33

1.33
1.18 1.00 0.93

Q Axis33
0.59

Yellow167
0.45
0.55

0.89

0.70 0.59 0.41 0.30

Burst180 0.20
0

0 0.45

0.45 0.77 Burst Signal Horizontal Sync. Signal

B-Y Axis Blue347

0.11

0.59

0.00 -0.18 -0.33 -0.33

0.63

Green241 Cyan283

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Vector / Scope Scale

Red103 Skin Color123 Yellow168 Magenta60

Blue348
NTSC LEADER

Green 240

75

Cyan283
40

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Various Color Signals

Color Bar
MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK GREEN WHITE CYAN BLUE RED

(a) Composite Signal Component (b) RGB Signal 100 R 0 100 G 0 100 B 0 tom0001 R-Y 0 0 B-Y

(c) Component Signal 89 70 59 41 30 11 0 0 30 59 89

-89 11

-59

-30 59 70

-59 -70

-11
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RGB Signal Component Signal Conversion expression

It shows the Sensitivity of human eyes regardingPrimary Colors and eye has High Sensitivity to Green and low to blue.

Y + 0.587G + 0.114B + 0.299R PB - 0.587G + 0.886B - 0.299R PR - 0.587G - 0.114B + 0.701R

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Composite Color Signal Level

(Vertical Axis Scale is 100IRE)

White Yellow C G M R B Black 1.787 1.8 1.462 1.6 1.424 1.244 1.4 1.062 1.2 1.007 1.0 1.00 0.89 0.70 0.8 0.59 0.6 0.41 0.30 0.4 0.11 0.2 0 0 -0.007 -0.2 -0.062 -0.4 -0.244 -0.6 -0.424 -0.462 -0.8 -0.787

White Yellow
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8

Black

Composition Color Signal Level

Composition Color Signal Level

1.00

0.89

0.70 0.59 0.41 0.30

0.45

0.11 0

0.77
Burst Signal

0.00 -0.18 -0.33 -0.33

Horizontal Sync.Signal

(a) Composite Color Signal Level

(b) Amplitude Corrected Composite Color Signal Level

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I,Q Signal & Color Bar ITU-R Indication

Broadcasting station uses I Axis to check skin color.

Stipulated High Resolution color as I Signal and low one as Q Signal base on the property of human eyes. Band Band 1.MHz 0.MHz -0.268+0.736 PR +0.413+0.478 PR

ITU-R indication of Color Bar 750750 a White Bar Level () a b c d : Black Bar Level () c Color Bar Max.Value () d : Color Bar Min.Value ()
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Color Burst Signal

50% Burst Amplification Limit

Horizontal Reference point

50% Burst Amplification Limit

50

19 Cycle 10

9 Cycle

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Frequency Interleave Effect

Subcarrier selection factors
1. Color Carrier should not stand out in Black & White TV. 2. It should not interferer Sound Signal. 3. Easy Separation between luminance Signal & Color Signal fc is odd multiple of fH. 15.734KHz*455/3.579545MHz
Luminance Spectrum Signal

fH is the multiple of Sound Carrier. 4.5MHz/286 = 25.734kHz

Color Subcarrier Spectrum

Luminance Signal & Color Subcarrier are Frequency Interleaved.

Signal Energy
0

fn

2fn

3fn

4fn

225fn

226fn

fsc 445fn/2

229fn

230fn 46

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Interleaved Relation by Line (Enlarged Figure)

Color Subcarrier Scanning Line Color Subcarrier

Scanning Line Width

Make Color Subcarrier in Black White shape

Next Field Scanning Line

1 fsc

It describes the phase relation of Color Subcarrier Signal from the view of each Scanning line In case of NTSC System, Carrier Frequency is selected that the Color Subcarrier Phase is reversely turned by line. That is the reason why it is Black & white like the Fig. above.
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Analog TV Color Broadcasting system Specification

System Representative application country Frame Frequency Field Frequency NTSC USA, Japan, Korea 30 Hz 60 Hz PAL UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, China 25 Hz 50 Hz SECAM France, Russia, The middle East 25 Hz 50 Hz

Horizontal Frequency
Scanning Line Quantity Color Modulation type Color Carrier Sound Modulation type Sound Carrier Stereo Transmission Type Video Transmission Band Width Transmission Band Width Similar System

15.75 KHz
525 Lines NTSC, Right-angled, Rightangled 2 Phases Modulation 3.58MHz FM Modulation 4.5 MHz FM-AM type 4.2 MHz 6.0 MHz M

15.625 KHz
625 Lines PAL, Line alternating Right-an gled 2 phases modulation 4.43 MH FM Modulation 5.5 MHz, 6.0 MHz, 6.5MHz FM-FM typeIGR,NICAM 5.2 MH MH, MH BG,I,DK

15.625 KHz
625 Lines, 819 Lines FM Modulation type 4.25 MH, 4.40 MH AM Modulation 6.5 MHz 6.0 MHz MHz BG,DK

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Composite Color Signal expression for NTSC Signal

Right-angled 2Phase Modulation

An An+ An+ An+

fSCH *2*227+1/23.579545MH Ey+1/2.03Eb-EySin+1/1.14Er-EyCos

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The Concept of NTSC Encode

R Primary Color SignalR) luminance SignalY)

..
4MH 4MH

Composite Color Signal

G Primary Color SignalG)

R color difference Signal R-Y)

3.58MH Modulated Signal

Carrier Color Signal

Carrier Color Signal

4MH luminance Signal
Frequency

Frequency

B Primary Color SignalB)

B color difference Signal B-Y)

3.58MH Modulated Signal

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Signal Problem in NTSC System

NTSC Signal makes use of human eyes property. It shall not be considered as the best system because it is base on the technology that the time it developed. Here have some problems description. Flicker by Interlace Interlace is related to the continuous scanning line between Fields. It does not have perfect relation between fields but it does not stand out in motion picture. It has the problem of Flicker in still image by its correlation collapse. Cross Color Cross color is flickering in Stripe of TV Picture and it is the color that does not exist. If the accuracy of Y/C Separation circuit that separates TV luminance & color, is bad, Then the color that closes to Color Sub Carrier Frequency inside luminance Signal is misconceived as the color. Dot Interference Dot interference is caused by the misconceiving Color Sub Carrier Signal as luminance Signal. Dot noise is occurred in color boundary and it looks like that the dot is moving toward to the top. It stands out when the color correlation between Scanning Lines is disappeared. This symptom is generated when the Y/C Separation Feature in receiving side is not perfect.

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Composite Color Signal expression for PAL Signal

Line alternate right-angled 2 Phases Modulation An An+ An+ An+

fSC284-1/4H +254.43361875MH

Ey+1/2.03Eb-EySin1/1.14Er-EyCos
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Color Process circuit for PAL System

D ACC H Delay S RY

SW
BY

R-Y demodulation

PAL Matrix

An
S

B-Y demodulation

An+

An+

An+
RY BY

D Flip Flop tom0001

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Correction principle for Phase distortion of PAL Signal

Ev) R-Y Aan+1
Burst(Scanning Line No. nth
Signal without distortion Out-Put in/2 Scalar value of Composite Vector

An

45
45
BurstScanning Line No. n+1th

Signal without distortion

B-YEu)

An+1 R-Y Ev)

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Phase distortion amount

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Signal Problem in PAL System

PAL Signal is developed by German research group, Telefunken, to cover the weak point of color Transmission distortion in NTSC System Signal. It also can not be consider as the best System. Here have some problems description. Reflection Noise interference of H Delay Line that used as glass delay line Insertion Loss less than 10dB 3rd reflection level is more than 40dB Others is more than 35dB H delay Error within 5nSec Color SN and Wave Feature has distortion Venetian Blind Noise generated by PAL Matrix Error If there is any difference between Phase & Gain, then it generates the color luminance by H It generates the shape of Venetian window blind.

Dot interference Dot interference is caused by the misconceiving Color Sub Carrier Signal as luminance Signal. Dot noise is occurred in color boundary and it looks like that the dot is moving toward to the top. It stands out when the color correlation between Scanning Lines is disappeared. This symptom is generated when the Y/C Separation Feature in receiving side is not perfect.
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Composite Color Signal type of SECAM Signal

FM Modulation type An An+1 An+2 An+3

f0R

f0b

f0R4.40625MH2000Hz f0B4.25000MHz2000Hz

f04.286MH
Em = Ey + GCos2 (f0Rt + f0R Drdt En = Ey + GSin 2 (f0Bt + f0B Dbdt
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Color Process circuit for SECAM system

D ACC H Delay
SECAM SW

RY R-Y) demodulation

BY
B-Y) demodulation

An
S

An+

An+

An+
RY

BY Flip Flop tom0001

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Signal Problem in SECAM system

SECAM Signal is developed by French research group, TDF, to solve the problem of color Transmission distortion in NTSC System Signal. It also can not be consider as the best System. Here have some problems description. Color Back change by FM demodulation Axis change & dispersion Color change in Reverse direction of G axis that holds the Matrix to R & D makes the luminance change of 1H level after Datum luminance change by DR, DB Signal demodulation Axis Delay.

Reflection Noise interference of H Delay Line that used as good delay line There will not have any problem if reflection level is more than 20dB because it is AM noise to FM Signal. Also delay time Error is allowable within 100nSec.
Unclear boundary of Color picture quality by FM ModulationInsufficient with Pre-Emphasis Pre-emphasis is applied to transmitter side to improve FM frequency feature. It has unclear boundary feature by color because it has difficulty to balance the De-emphasis. Dot interference insufficient with 12 Lines cloning) Dot interference is caused by the misconceiving Color Sub Carrier Signal as luminance Signal. Dot noise is occurred in color boundary and it looks like that the dot is moving toward to the top. It stands out when the color correlation between Scanning Lines is disappeared. This symptom is generated when the Y/C Separation Feature in receiving side is not perfect. tom0001
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4. Worldwide Market Claim

Problem
Radio interference Identical CH interference Small Sync. Signal Airplane Fluttering Color disappearance Damage by saltiness Far-zone Track transportation Bouncing Text Sound Noise Unperceivable Broadcasting in the Royal Palace SECAM Back Change Sync. break during VCD playing Benelux Switzerland Brazil, Colombia USA Soviet Union, Cyprus , Egypt Morocco Singapore, Germany, France Italy, France France, Benelux Hong kong, Singapore Morocco, Saudi Arabia Soviet Union China

Country

Symptom
CATV CH beta Transmission Problem Big Ghost by Piracy Broadcasting Sync. Instable Sync. Instable Color existing and disappeared Unavailable Video Output Unavailable Color Output, Sound Output Unperceivable text Broadcasting Noise generation in NICAM Digital CH Big Transmission Level change White Balance is changed by Signal Sync. Instable

Cause
Transmission Level vs CH Off-set Carrier Problem in Identical CH receiving Out of transmission Spec. Slow IF AGC Response Big Sag, Ringing of Burst, ID Signal Defective LSI storage during shipping (defective IC) Dropped Leg soldering of Vertical substrate Defective Eye Height Performance Small SIF Band & big Limiter Noise Transmission Maintenance Problem Short RGB Clamp validity period Illegal Copy Software Problem, Sync. Performance Improvement

Power breakdown Occasional Power Off

Noise interruption in Lod Antenna Unperceivable TV by Lightning Electrostatic breakdown

China Austria, Yugoslavia

China USA USA, Colombia

Power off Power off

Power Spurious stain on screen Tuner breakdown by thunderbolt No picture Output by hand electrostatic Discharge

Radical change of AC Voltage (more than 100V Small setting Margin of Fail Safe operation
Antenna Matching Miss Countermeasure for Thunderbolt not ready insufficient withstanding voltage Countermeasure for Discharge not ready

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Chapter 2

[2] Advanced Digital Signal Process Technology

1. Feature of Digital Technology 2. A-D/D-A Conversion Technology 3. High definition Digital Signal Process Technology 4. Picture quality Improvement Technology & Performance by each Maker 5. D Terminal responding Video Format 6. Computer Display Specification 7. Various Digital Images Process Technology

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1. Feature of Digital Technology

-Digital Technology getting close to Analog-

Process with essential Resolution

1/100

1/1000

1/10000

10:15

10:15:46

10:15:46:08
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Digital Process?

Input Signal

Differentiation

Control

Output Signal --- Decomposition --- Memory --- Control --- Composition

1. Refined Information with finely division 2. Stably saved Information with finely division 3. Individually Free-Convert information with finely division 4. Information connection with finely division

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Digital Feature

Process Speed Flexibility Accuracy Adjustment Presentation

Memory

Analog Digital

* O

- Stable (unnecessary adjustment). - Less Quality degradation - Accurate with easy processing and dealing - Simple handling - Compact size - Available Computer Process

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Analog Process & Digital Process

Linear demodulation

Input

Linear Process

Linear Drive

Analog Output

Analog Modulation Signal

A/D Conversion

Digital Output

Input

Digital Modulation Signal

Digital demodulation

Digital Process

Digital Drive

Digital Output

Memory

Decomposition Memory Control Composition

RISC CPU

D/A Conversion

Analog Output

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2. A-D/D-A Conversion Technology

Quantization Bit Q'ty Quantization Error
Sampling A D
converter

Clamp

Pre-Filter

Sampling Law Signal Band Clock Frequency

Clock Generator

Replication distortion

a) Analog-Digital Signal Process Flow

Aperture Effect
D A
Converter

Replication distortion

Filter

Sampling Law Clock Generator

b) Digital Analog Signal Process Flow

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Ideal Sampling Image

X
1
Sampling Pulse

Sampled Analog consumption

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Sampled Signal Spectrum

Sampling LawShannon Law Original signal can be recovered if it samples over twice of its own signal bandwidth.

fa Band Width*
Base Band element Base band detection & ideal Feature of Filter

amplitude

fw

2fw
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fs fsSampling
Frequency

Frequen cy 67

Replication distortion Occurrence

High Frequency element of Sampling Frequency is overlapped with original Signal and is presented Replication distorted condition.

amplitude

fw

fs

2fw

Frequency

Replication distortion fsSampling

Frequency

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Quantization Error after A-D Conversion

Quantization Error

Quantization Level

A-D Converter Quantized value.

Quantization Level

Reference Level

Quantization Level

All values become 0 or 1 inBit.

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Actuality of A-D conversion circuit for Video Signal

Following 4 factors shall be confirmed for A-D Conversion of Video Signal. (1) Quantization Resolution (Bit Q'ty 8bit Personal Level 10bit Programming Level 12bit Hi-Vision Film Level (2) Sample Clock Frequency & generation Method fsc : 3.579545*414.31818MHZ in NTSC (3) Input Voltage range & Pedestal Level (4) Aperture correction

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Synchronized 4fSC Clock generation Method in H.SYNC

NTSC Signal Input

H.SYNC Sync. Phase Comparator Separation circuit

VCO

SC

15.73426kHz=14.318MHz910
1/910 Minute cycle

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Generation Circuit Configuration for Burst Locked Sample Pulse

NTSC Signal

Y/C Separation

Phase Comparison

VCO

SC
Output

Sync. Separation

Pulse generating in Burst location

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Quantization Conversion Methods

Task - Increase Quantization Bit Q'ty - Detailed Semiconductor Process - SN Improvement

All parallel Type

Bit

Serial-parallel Type
BitBit

V/2

Pipe Line Type 1Bit V/n

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3. High definition Digital Signal Process Technology

Input Signal

Display Device

CRT
Analog Terrestrial wave
High definition ADC

CRT Only
LCD PDP Only

3D Y/C

Color Demodulation

- Contour Correction -Gradation Correction - Chromaticity Correction

DVD VTR
ADC
Color Demodulation

LCD Driving
2D Y/C I/P Conversion Color Picture

Dynamic Drive

LCD

Digital BSCS SD card

PDP Driving

Digital Decoder DTV

Digital

PDP
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