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Chapter 29 Group 4 Lesson Title: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Topic: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
Target Group:
Child-Bearing age women between the ages of 16- 35
What is a STI?
Any infections contracted through sexual intercourse or other intimate sexual contact. Most STIs spread during vaginal or anal sex, but other forms of sexual contact, such as oral sex, can also spread disease
In addition,
15 million cases of STIs cases are reported annually in the United States Can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact
STIs in Women
Women are more vulnerable biologically, culturally, socioeconomically Most are asymptomatic (no symptoms)in women
Herpes Simplex
Includes warts on skin such as plantar warts or in the genital area, known as genital warts
Effects on Pregnancy
HPV has no effect on the fetus whatsoever during pregnancy and does not rule out a vaginal delivery
In some, the warts may be so large it can block the birth canal; in this case Cesarean section may be performed
Treatment
No effective treatment Warts may be treated with agents designed to reduce or remove the warts, including creams, oral medications, or surgery The infection usually goes away without treatment, but for high risk HPV
Chlamydia
Most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in U.S. 2.8 million Americans are infected with Chlamydia each year
In addition,
Lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods
Effects on Pregnancy
Chlamydia can spread to other reproductive organs causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Can lead to long-term pelvic pain, blocked fallopian tubes, infertility and ectopic pregnancy
Effects on Pregnancy
Evidence that untreated chlamydial infections can lead to premature delivery
Babies born to infected mothers can get chlamydial infections in their eyes and respiratory tracts
Treatment
Your doctor or other health care workers will probably give you a prescription for an antibiotic to treat people with Chlamydia infection
Gonorrhea
700,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year Half of these infections are reported to CDC
Effects on Pregnancy
Can also be spread from mother to child during birth Can cause fertility problems, birth defects, skin problems, arthritis, blood poisoning, and heart and brain infections
Treatment
Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea Because of drug-resistance the successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult
In addition,
Many people with gonorrhea also have chlamydia, antibiotics for both infections are usually given together
Persons with gonorrhea should be tested for other STDs
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), which is related to the viruses that belongs to the same family of viruses that cause chicken pox and shingles
Herpes Simplex
May include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth
Effects on Pregnancy
Type 2 Viral shedding from cervix, vagina, vulva plays the primary role in transmitting the disease from mother to infant About 60% of newborns infected and not treated will die or be severely damaged
Effects on Pregnancy
Newborns develop skin sores; caesarean is performed if sores are present Herpes keratitus- Ocular herpes
Treatment
Topical ointment, oral or injectable
Oral and injectable reduces viral shedding and duration severity of initial herpes outbreaks
HIV/AIDS
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS The definition of AIDS relates to CD4+ T-cells Count Healthy adults usually have CD4+ T-cell counts of 1,000 or more Aids and some HIV sufferers have less than 200 CD4+ T-cells
Furthermore,
Minority women in U.S are one of the fastest growing populations affected Ranks among the top three leading causes of death for minority women aged 24-44
Effects on Pregnancy
Spontaneous abortion Stillbirth Maternal mortality Newborn mortality Low birth weight Preterm delivery Amnionitis (inflammation)
Effects of Pregnancy
70% transmission occurs at the time of delivery 30% amount occurs antenatally (before delivery)
A significant contributor to transmission is breastfeeding
Treatment
Antiviral drugs drugs that boost the immune system have allowed many people with HIV to resist infections, stay healthy, and prolong their lives, but these medications are not a cure
Treatment
There is no vaccine to prevent HIV and AIDS researchers are working on developing one Doctors do not know of any way to rid the body of HIV
Modes of Transmission
blood blood products sexual fluids People can be infected and NOT look sick or even have AIDS but can still transmit HIV
STI Prevention
Abstain from sexual intercoursevaginal, oral, or anal Be in a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner
STI Prevention
For oral sex, use a condom over the penis and use a dental dam, plastic wrap, or cutopen condom to cover the vagina or anus Dual protection is the use of condoms combined with another contraceptive method
STIs in 2004
6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 Herpes Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Herpes Chlamydia Gonorrhea HPV HIV/AIDS
Video Clip
The End
Thats All Folks!!!!