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2 Types of Forces
gravity law of universal gravitation weight friction static friction elastic force tension force
compression force normal force sliding friction rolling friction fluid friction
Gravity
Many types of forces act on objects.
Gravity is an attractive force between all objects that have mass.
Gravity (cont.)
The ball does not travel in a straight line because of the unbalanced force of gravity acting on it.
The gravitational force becomes stronger as either or both objects increase in mass or move closer together. The gravitational force becomes weaker as either or both objects decrease in mass or move farther apart.
Friction
Friction is a force that opposes the movement between two surfaces in contact.
A book pushed across a table slows down because of friction. Friction is an unbalanced force acting on the book to slow it down.
Static Friction
Static friction is the force between two surfaces in contact that keeps them from sliding when a force is applied. A force is applied to a heavy box, but the box doesnt move.
The forces are balanced, the force pushing the box equals the force of static friction pushing in the opposite direction.
Sliding Friction
When the force pushing on the box is larger than the maximum static friction force, the box begins to slide. The frictional force that acts on the sliding box is called sliding friction.
Elastic Forces
An elastic force occurs when a material is stretched or compressed.
A diving board exerts an upward elastic force on the diver when it is bent downward.
Tension
A tension force is a pulling force exerted by an object when it is stretched, such as a rubber band.
Compression
A compression force is a pushing force exerted by a material when it is squeezed or compressed. The size of the compression force exerted by a material is equal to the size of the force that compresses the material.
Normal Forces
A normal force is the force exerted by an object that is perpendicular to the surface of the object.
A(n) ____ force is the force exerted by an object that is perpendicular to the surface of the object.
A compression
B elastic C normal D tension
Which force causes a rolling ball to slow down? A sliding friction B static friction
C normal force
D gravity
The gravitational force between two objects ____ as ____ increases. A increases; distance
B decreases; mass
C increases; velocity D decreases; distance