RAINFALL ANALYSIS FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Prof. S. D. Chawathe, Senior Consultant MWH India (P) Ltd. Mumbai 19/1/2013 Institution Of Engineers (India)
1

RATIONAL METHOD OF DESIGN

Typical Storm Water Drainage System

Rational Method of Design

DESIGN RUN-OFF The Rational Method involves repeated use of the following equation: Q=CxixA Where,

Q is the design runoff of storm water,

C is the coefficient of runoff, A is the area tributary on the storm water drain under design, And i is the intensity of rainfall of a storm with a specific duration and specific frequency of occurrence.

Rational Method of Design

Concept of Concentration Time

Rational Method of Design

Design values of coefficient of Run-off Type of Area Commercial Residential High Density Residential low Density Coefficient of Run-off 0.70 to 0.90 0.60 to 0.75 0.35 to 0.60

Parks and undeveloped lands

0.10 to 0.20

IDF Relationships
The most common IDF relationships used in the Rainfall Analysis are as follows:
a) a) b)

Relationship 1 Relationship 2 Relationship 3

i = a / tn i = a / (t + b)n i = CTm / (t + d)n

----------------------- (1) -----------------------(2) -----------------------(3)

Where,

i = intensity of rainfall (mm/hr) t = duration of storm (min) T = Frequency of occurrence (Return period in Years / months)

And,

a, b, C , d, m and n are constants.

Annual Maxima Method

Uses Annual Maximum Rainfall for Various Durations over Past years

Methods Based on Relationship - 1

The method uses the following relationship: i = a / tn --------------------- (1)
Where, i = intensity of rainfall (mm/hr) t = duration of storm (min)

And, a and n are constants for a given frequency of occurrence (Return period) (year). Equation 1 can be converted into a straight line relation by taking logarithms of both sides as follows : log i = log a n log t --------------------- (1.1) log i = -n log t + log a --------------------- (1.2)

Or

The constants a and n can be determined as intercept on Y axis and slope of the line respectively if we have a number of pairs of values for t and i. A straight line can then be fitted to the points.

Typical Automatic Rainguage

10

Hyetogram

11

Typical Conversion of a Hyetogram Segment into Individual Storms

12

Conversion of a Typical 4 Hrs. Rainfall Into Individual Storms

13

Records of Rainfall showing Number of Storms of Stated Durations and Stated Intensities or more

14

Records of Rainfall showing Number of Storms of Stated Durations and Stated Intensities or more

15

Interpolated Intensities of Rainfall

16

Fitting of Log Log Relationship

It is now necessary to fit the following equation to the interpolated intensities. log i = -n log t + log a -----------(1.2) For fitting a straight line to the data, plots of log i versus log t can now be produced on log log paper one each for various frequencies of occurrence and constants a and n can be determined by reading intercepts on Y axis and slopes of the straight lines. A typical plot is shown in the figure for the frequency of twice in a year.

17

IDF Curves

18

Map showing Locations of Colaba & Santacruz

19

S. D. CHAWATHE

20

Banglore : P. Khageshan

21

Amaravati : Dr. Tatekar Et al

22

New Delhi : Toshniwal C. T.

T= 1 YR
i= Also,

2.291 X 10 ** 6 ---------------------------------( t + 188.85 ) ** 6.848

T = 1 YR T = 2 YR T = 3 YR T = 4 YR T = 5 YR

i= i= i= i= i=

0.0004174(t -99.28) ** 2 0.0001177( t -181.9) ** 2 0.0003165(t 129.18) ** 2 0.0004692( t 119.94)** 2 0.0002755 ( t 149 ) ** 2

23

Kolkata : Prof. V. Raman et al

T = 1 TO 3 MONTHS
i=

6200 T ** 0.358 -----------------------------( t +45 ) ** 1.75

953 T ** 0.157 -------------------------( t + 45 ) ** 1.34 290 T ** 0.119 ----------------------------( t + 45 ) ** 1.05

T = 1 TO 2 YRS i=

T = 5 TO 20 YRS i=

T = 1 MONTH TO 20 YRS i=

810 T ** 0.126 ------------------------------( t + 45 ) ** 1.31

24

Pune : S. D. Chawathe
1 TO 1.75 YRS 5425 FREQ ** 0.4837 i = --------------------------------( DUR + 33.44)** 1.4019 107840 FREQ ** 0.564 i = -----------------------------------( DUR + 69.08) ** 2.0029 3 TO 3.75 YRS 135140 FREQ ** 0.6036 i = ------------------------------------( DUR + 79.96 ) ** 2.0695 4 TO 5 YRS 1761900 FREQ ** 0.6709 i = ---------------------------------------( DUR + 115.58) ** 2.55 Frequency in months

i in mm/hr

2 TO 2.75 YRS Dur in min.

25

Ahmedabad : S. D Chawathe
1 TO 1.75 YRS
i= 2 TO 2.75 YRS i= 3 TO 3.75 YRS i= 1005.6 FREQ ** 0.2514 -------------------------------------( DUR + 18.67 ) ** 0.8374 1524.3 FREQ ** 0.3203 -------------------------------------( DUR + 29.69 ) ** 0.9531

3660 FREQ ** 0.6338 -----------------------------------( DUR + 42.32) ** 1.3054

i in mm/hr, Dur in min, Freq in Months.

26

Chennai : Mott McDonald

27

Rambabu

28

Akola

29

Nomogram for Akola

30

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

31

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

32

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

33

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

34

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

35

Recommendations of FFC

36

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

37

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

38

Frequencies of Occurrence as Recommended by Authorities

39

DESIGN METHOD BASED ON CHICAGO CURVES NEEDS SOFTWARE SUCH AS INFOWORKS

40

Typical Chicago Curve for a Location

41

Recommendations of FFC

42

Return Period for Mumbai

At present BRIMSTOWAD Master Plan is being updated

and the return period of twice in one year adopted earlier is being reconsidered in the light of the flooding observed on 26th July 2005 in Mumbai.

43

SPATIAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER MUMBAI

44

45

46

puzzleland.in

47

THANK YOU

48