Design and development of portable solar power packs and lighting system .

Project guide :Prof. R.B.Chadge Project members:

Aditya Pant Anamika Rane Manish Ingle

CONNECTIONS

OPERATION OF SYSTEM
Working:
The PV Panel converts the Solar Energy into equivalent electrical energy that is in form of current. The maximum amount of energy generated by PV module is then collected by charge controller and given to inverter. Inverter has in all 2 inputs. One DC i/p from PV Module and one from AC Mains (230V). Inverter compares these two input ratings according to the requirement of Load. CASE 1) 100% Solar Power Available:
CASE 2) Solar Power Available is Less than LOAD Requirement: CASE 3) Absence of Solar Energy & NO AC Available:

The output of SPC is given to the UPS that drives the load connected to it. Hence we make use of Solar Energy to drive our load. As the solar energy is always available readily, it doesnt affect the efficiency of the system.

Mechanical Department Data

Appliance Tube Light CFL

Quantity 138 32

Consumption (W) 40 20

Total load ( W ) 5520 640

Fans

96

80

7680

TOTAL LOAD

13.840 kW

Day Load Calculations for Tube Lights and CFL

14.73 kWp

65.53 kW-hr

49.28 kW-hr

 Total Load = 5520+640= 6160W (Day Load) Load running for 8 hours= 6160*8 =49.28kW-hr. Inverter output = (load) / ( P.F. x Inver. Effi. ) where : P.F. = Power Factor = 0.94 Inver. Effi. = inverter Efficiency = 0.80 .: Inverter output = ( 49.28)/( 0.94 x 0.80 ) = 65.53 kW-hr Supply from SPV = (load on Inverter ) /( D.F. x Ins. ) Where D.F. = Derating Factor = 0.85 Ins. = Solar Insolation = 5.24 hrs. .: Supply from SPV = (65.53 ) / ( 0.85 x 5.24 ) = 14.73 kWp 15kWp

 Using 280 Wppanel :

15 103 No. Panels = 280

= 54

Using 250 Wppanel :

15 103 No. Panels = 250
Panels Wattage selecting 280 250 No. panels required 54 60

= 60
Total cost 7,56000 12,3000

Cost per watt 50 82

Inverter required : 65.53 kVA-hr/ 8 hr = 8.19 kVA 10 kVA

Day Load Calculations for fans

15.61 kWp

69.53 kW-hr 61.44 kW-hr

Total fan Load = 96 x 80 W = 7680 W (Day Load) Load running for 8 hours= 7680 * 8 = 61.44 kW-hr. Inverter output = (load) / ( P.F. x Inver. Effi. ) where : P.F. = Power Factor = 0.94 Inver. Effi. = inverter Efficiency = 0.80 .: Inverter output = ( 61.44 )/( 0.94 x 0.80 ) = 69.53 kW-hr Supply from SPV = (load on Inverter ) /( D.F. x Ins. ) Where D.F. = Derating Factor = 0.85 Ins. = Solar Insolation = 5.24 hrs. .: Supply from SPV = (69.53 ) / ( 0.85 x 5.24 ) = 15.61 kWp 16 kWp

 Using 280W panel :

16 103 No. Panels = 280

= 58

Using 250 W panel :

16 103 No. Panels = 250
Panels Wattage Selecting 280 250 No. panels required 58 64

= 64
Total cost 8,12000 13,12000

Cost per watt 50 82

Inverter required : 69.53 kVA-hr/ 8 hr = 8.69 kVA 10 kVA

Component List
COMPONENT
1. 2. 3. SPV (280Wp) INVERTER (10kVA) JUNCTION BOX

QUANTITY
LIGHT: 54 Nos. FAN : 58 Nos. LIGHT: 1 FAN: 1 LIGHT: 1 FAN: 1 (These values may change as per requirement)

4. CABLES (10sq.mm, current capacity=20HP) 5. 6. 7. 6. MCB CHARGE CONTROLLER MOUNTING STRUCTURE LOAD

LIGHT:15 FAN: 15

LIGHT: 3Nos. FAN: 3Nos LIGHT: 1 FAN: 1 LIGHT: 1 FAN: 1 TUBELIGHT: 138 CFL: 32 FAN: 96

Costing for Tubelights and Cfls

COMPONENT 1. SOLAR PANELS@ Rs.50/Wp 2. INVERTER@ Rs.10,000 for 1kVA 3. JUNCTION BOX@ Rs.600/piece 4. CABLES (for 25meters) 5. CHARGE CONTROLLER 6. 7. MCB INSTALLATION COST (Approx.) TOTAL COST COST (Rs.) 7,56,000 1,00,000 600 56,250 28800 1380 4,50,000 13,93,030

Costing for Fan

COMPONENT 1. SOLAR PANELS@ Rs.50/Wp 2. INVERTER@ Rs.10,000 for 1kVA 3. JUNCTION BOX@ Rs.600/piece 4. CABLES (for 25meters) 5. CHARGE CONTROLLER 6. 7. MCB INSTALLATION COST (Approx.) TOTAL COST COST (Rs.) 8,12,000 1,00,000 600 56,250 28800 1380 4,50,000 14,49,030

Area required
Area of Mechanical Department roof top : 519 sq.meter Area of single Solar Panel : for 280 kWp = 2 sq.meter .: total no. of Panels : 54+58 = 112 total maximum area of panels will be = 112 x 2 = 224 sq. meter

.: we can set up a SPV modules on the roof top of Mechanical Department.

Present Consumption
1 kW-hr = 1 unit Tube lights , Cfl and fans = 49.28+69.53= 118.81kW-hr/day consumption for 8 hours Daily consumption= 118.81 units Monthly consumption (considering = 118.81*30= 3564.3 units 30 day a month) Yearly consumption (considering = 3564.3*10= 35643 units 10 working months)

Savings
Rate per unit= Rs. 12

Cost of 35643 units consumed= Rs 4,27,716

Hence approximately Rs. 4,27,716 would be saved due to SOLAR LIGHTING SYSTEM.

PAYBACK
Total cost (light+ fans)= Rs. 28,42,060 Yearly savings = Rs 4,27,716

Payback period = within 7 years

Other Suggestions
1. 2. Designing a system including both lights and fan. Replacing current Cfl with 12W LED and Tubelights with 20W LED.

3.

Considering a pre-decided solar panel output (example: 50kWp) and run the load as the power is generated.

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
a) Install solar modules facing south, if possible. Installations facing east and west are also possible, although the amount of power generated will be lower. Check the roof from a southern orientation, and check for obstacles that will cast a shadow. These factors will lower the amount of power generated. Install in a location that has good sun exposure throughout the year. Less power is generated in shaded locations.

b)

c)

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
d. Checking the following before installation:
1.Solar modules should not be installed within 12" from the ridge or edges of the roof, or within 16" from the eave. 2.Installation is not possible in regions where the wind pressure is more. Check with your local building department to determine if this mounting system is in compliance. 3.Installation is not possible in the peripheral shaded area of the following figure. 4.Do not locate systems near coastal locations or other salt water locations or C5 locations as classified by ISO.

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
e) ARRAY LAYOUT: The array must be installed at least 16" away from the eave of the roof and 12" from the sides of the roof. This border will enhance the wind load resistance of the system. Measure the perimeter of the roof surface where the array will be installed. f) The output of a series string of solar modules is connected to the input of the inverter. Always install solar modules so that all elements of the array receive the same amount of sunlight. The amount of power generated declines dramatically if you connect solar modules receiving different amounts of light in a string array, for example, solar modules facing east and solar modules facing south should not be connected in the same string.

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
INSPECTION OF ROOF STRUCTURE:
It is important to inspect the structural integrity of the roof and the durability of the roof materials. The mounting structure and solar modules require a strong base for durable and reliable operation in local environments. Inspect the roof surface in the area of the installation for cracks, water leakage, and roofing material quality and uniformity. This is especially important if the roof is older than 10 years. Inspect the roof for sags and other abnormalities. A sag or deep depression in the roof may indicate a structural weakness in the support system that may require correction.

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
INSPECTION OF THE ROOF SUPPORT SYSTEM: This may require access to the attic. Check that all rafters, trusses and other materials are in good condition. Check for indication of previous water leaks. Measure the spacing of the rafters or trusses to confirm the dimensions and prepare for the system layout. Determine the location of the electrical roof penetration and wire run, if wiring is planned for this area. Protection against falling objects: When objects are thrown down from a height of 6 ft or more, appoint a surveillance person on the ground and warn others about falling objects. Do not allow third parties to enter the work area during construction. Arrange tools and materials neatly and secure them with ropes, or use bags or other measures to prevent falling objects.

REFERENCES
A new dimension for solar energy- Kimberly Allen, MIT News Office Manual for Solar APLAB Solar rooftop project, India Solar electricity handbool- Michael Boxwell Web sources

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