Content

Why PON: Some Data Options in Access Technologies

PON Standards and Characteristics EPON, BPON and GPON Application Areas

EPON or GPON

The need
Worldwide, voice carriers face stagnant revenues, declining subscribers
$3,000 $2,500 525 520

Subscriber Lines (Millions)

515 510 505 500 495 490 485 480 475

Service Revenues (Billions of US Dollars)

$2,000 $1,500 $1,000 $500 $0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

470

Voice Revenues

Data Revenues

Residential and Business Subscribers

A worldwide phenomenon
2004 to 2010 CAGR of 18%
400
Millions of Broadband Subscribers

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Other Latin America North America Europe China Japan Asia

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

FTTx with GPON

FTTEx
ATM NETWORK
ONU
VB5
ADSL ( < 6 KM ) ANT

FTTCab

FTTC

FTTH/B

< 8 Mbit/s

LL Network
OTHER POTS/ISDN

PS G.703

FITL
V5

ONU
XNT ADSL/VDSL ( < 1 KM )

STB

< 26 Mbit/s

PS

OLT

ONU
VDSL ( < 300 M ) XNT

STB
< 52 Mbit/s

PS

ONU
ONT

STB

< 2.5Gbit/s down < 2.5Gbit/s up PS

One size just does not fit all

Applications/Bandwidth Required

10,000

Downstream Data Rate (mbps)

1,000

VoIP High-Quality Audio SDTV Interactive Gamming HDTV (MPEG 4)

4kbps/call 192kbps/program 2mbps/program 2mbps/session 8 to 12mbps/program

FTTP-GPON FTTP-EPON FTTP-BPON

100

ADSL2 + With Bonding Cable

VDSL 2 - Japan VDSL 2 and FTTCxDSL

SDTV HDTV Audio Interactive Game Internet

10

ADSL2 + ADSL

Source iSuppli Corporation Broadband and Digital Home Service

Bandwidth - Technical evolution Innovation

22 20 Mbps (Downstream) 18 16 14 12
ADSL2+ Masked ADSL2+ VDSL

10
8 6 4 2 1

ADSL

3 4 Distance (km)

(Numbers subject to loop conditions)

Access Network Technologies

Technologies Copper pair - Analog, limited BW, Huge initial cost, Induction prone, Mtce problems. Simple technology. Presently dominated Radio Based Single channel VHF, MARR,Sat, GSM,, WILL, Requires frequency spectrum management.Limited BW. Broadband Data not possible at present. O.F Based Different types based on applications. Optimised economic solution for todays requirements.

FITL Technology
Fiber in the loop is given to the system which is based on fiber in the access network to provide various services(with no limit on BW practically) to a subscriber on demand with a good quality of service and a totally managed system.

ADVANTAGES OF FITL
LESS MAINTENANCE IMMUNE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAPACITY INCREASE SIMPLER* PLANNING / ENGINEERING EASIER FUTURE PROOF LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT NO CONGESTION

LIMITATIONS AVAILABILITY OF RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY CAPITAL INVESTMENT

CLASSIFICATION
FITL

PENETRATION

TYPES OF COMPONENTS
AON (DLC) PON

FTTCab FTTC FTTB FTTH

Fiber to the User Technologies

C.O

Point to Point
+ Hi Bandwidth - High Fiber Plant cost because of point to point configuration of fiber pairs.

Active Star
C.O

+ High bandwidth - High Operations and maintenance cost - High cost of outside plant electronics

PON - Passive Optical Networks

C.O

+ + + + + +

High Bandwidth Standardized ITU G.983/ G984 Passive and flexible cable plant Low Operations cost All services over one fiber Low fiber plant cost

PON

What is PON?
PON called sometimes first mile or last mile is the evolutionary solution for bottleneck problem in broadband access networks.
PON is a point-to-multipoint optical network with no active elements in the signals path from source to destination. The elements used in PON are all passive (combiners, couplers, and splitters).

Service Offered
Basic Internet service 256 kbps to 1 gbps. TV over IP (MPEG2) Video on Demand (MPEG4), play like video. Audio on demand Bandwidth on demand Remote education, virtual class room. Video conferencing Voice and Video telephony over IP Interactive Gaming.

What is Next Generation Play Network Project

Broadband Voice, data and Video are clubbed into brand name Next Generation Play Network 5.5 Lakh customers on GPON & 1.5 Lakh on GEPON. One GPON chassis will support 320 protected subscriber and one GEPON chassis will support 640 unprotected subscribers. A class city (28) on GPON and B Class cities ( &&) on GEPON. 2 Million customers planned in 3 phases up to 2011.

What is PON?
PON - Passive Optical Network is essentially a cost effective optical fiber based access system for providing triple play (voice, video & data) services to both business and residential customers
The basic elements in any PON system are: OLT : A Central Office (CO) equipment providing PON with the various network interfaces. basically an Ethernet Switch or Media converter. ONU/ONT : An External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for many/single customer. At ONT OE conversion takes place and delivered to customer. (RJ11- POTS, RJ45-Ethernet and 75 Ohm Coaxial- Video) PON : distributed or single staged passive optical splitters/combiners providing connectivity between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers NMS : Management of the complete PON system from OLT

GPON Architecture
GigE Switch
ONT

Ethernet Transport ADM

ONT

ONT

ONT

Splitter 1:N

SDH Transport OLT

ONT

PON Access

Access Network

Fiber Distribution

Central Office

PON Advantages
Longer distances between central offices and customer premises. Minimizes fiber deployment in both the local exchange and the local loop. Allows for downstream video broadcasting. No need of installing multiplexers and demultiplexers in the splitting locations. Easy upgrades to higher bit rates or additional wavelengths. Reduced CO wiring, Space requirement and OPEX.

Advantages of PON architecture

Requires less fiber Efficient BW usage (Dynamic BW allocation between ONTs) Easier addition/removal of ONTs Failure of one ONT wont affect other ONTs Implementation of asymmetrical systems results in overall cost saving as downstream traffic is usually heavier than the upstream one Higher reliability for fiber cut One common access network for all kind of subscribers and services.

Todays Advanced PON

Bandwidths & Services
Upstream Downstream

GPON Overview
POTS

1310 nm 1490 nm
Voice and Data Voice and Data

1550 nm
Video
ONT

Data
ONT

Video

Power & Battery

Various PON deployment topologies

PON Topologies

Various PON deployment topologies

Besides the simple topology shown earlier, PON can work in different topologies viz. Bus or linear, distributed splitting. The type of topology to be used depends on the customer distribution profile Basically an ONU/ONT can be connected to PON in any fashion as long as
optical budget from ONU to OLT & vice-versa is met specification of maximum differential distance between different ONU/ONTs is met Limit of maximum number of ONU/ONTs that the PON system can support is not exceeded

Ranging on PON
Subs 1

Subs 2

OLT
Subs 1

Problem : Unequal propagation delay :

At transmission At arrival OLT

Subs:1 Subs:2 Subs:n

Time

Subs:1 Subs:2 Subs:n

Ranging on PON

Solution : Propagation delay equalization

At transmission At arrival OLT

Subs:1 Subs:2 Subs:n

Time

Subs:1 Subs:2 Subs:n

Accuracy +/- 1bit

What are EPONs, BPONs, and GPONs?

Eathernet PON (EPON) Attributes Based on IEEE standard Runs on 1.25 Gbps Uses Ethernet for traffic distribution. Gigabit Capable PON (GPON) Attributes Based on ITU-T G.984 series standards that are in progress Provides up to 2.5 Gbps capacities for both Downstream and Upstream Provides both Ethernet and TDM transport for data traffic

PON standards
FSAN - Full Service Access Network is an organization for standardizing APON, BPON, and GPON in ITU-T
FSAN composed of major telco operators worldwide Standards have been written and are mature Enhancements continue to be made Standardized products have begun to enter market

IEEE - Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) study group is currently working on standardizing EPON
Standards work is ongoing Comprised primarily of vendors with some operator participation

Fiber-to-the-Premises: the ultimate fixed access

Initial Deployments: Japan early leader Deployments by U.S. Municipalities BPON (in U.S.) and EPON (in Japan) evolving to GPON
NMS

OLT

Voice, data Video Servers V-OLT

ONT

Network core

Central office or remote terminal

Fiber distribution

Home network

Standards Speeds and Feeds

Standard Status Official Standards body None IEEE Key parameters Comments Proprietary EPON Designed by manufacturer Approved 2004 Varies by manufacture 1.2 Gigabits/sec downstream 1.2 Gigabits/sec upstream 32 way split 20 km reach 1.25 Gb/s downstream 622 Mb/s upstream RF Video overlay 16 and 32 way split 15 km reach 1.24 or 2.4 Gigabits/sec downstream 155 Mb/sec or up to 2.4 Gigabits/sec upstream Optional RF video overlay Up to 64 way split 30 Km reach Dead end system Ethernet in first mile implementation

BPON

Approved 2001 APON version approved 1998

ITU

Primarily ATM based protocol APON with an RF overlay for video delivery IP based protocol designed for IP traffic and taking the best of EPON and BPON in the development of the standard

GPON

Approved April 2003

ITU

Fiber loss in PON

Fiber loss per km is 0.25 dB for1550 nm and 0.4 dB 1260 - 1360 nm

When the signal is split two ways, half the power goes one way and half goes the other.
So each direction gets half the power, or the signal is reduced by 10log(0.5)=3 dB.

//

//

PON link budgets

Link budget (Maximum loss planned) is 21 dB maximum distance without amplification is about 80 km
At 1550 nm, fiber exhibits loss of about 0.25 dB/km & at 1310 nm loss is 0.4 db/km 80km x 0.25 db/km = 20 db

Each two-way split results in a loss of nominally ~3.5 dB of level, assume 4 dB worst case.
Thus, each two-way split costs about 16 km distance for 1550 nm & 10 km for 1310 nm

PON Link Budget

Split 1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16 1:32 4 8 12 16 20 Loss dB Loss Km 16 32 48 64 80 End to End Range 80-16=64 80-32=48 80-48=32 80-64=16 80-80=0

Problem Definition
Downstream
Because Ethernet is broadcasting by nature, in the downstream direction(from network to user), it fits perfectly with the EPON architecture.
Packets are broadcasted by the OLT Packets are extracted by their destination ONU based on the media access control(MAC) address No major problem

Downstream traffic in EPON

Problem Definition
Upstream(Cont.)
The ONUs need to share the trunk fiber channel capacity and resources possibility of collisions the OLT needs an arbitration scheme (MPCP) so it can schedule and control the traffic coming from the ONUs Currently using a polling scheme based on Grant and Request messages for auto discovery, DBA process.

OLT
REGISTER REQUEST (REPORT) GRANT (GATE)

ONT

Still needs to take distance(between OLTs and ONUs), traffic priority and QoS problems into account

Multi-Point Control Protocol (MPCP)

IEEE Standard OLT sends a GATE (grant) message in the downstream channel to the ONU, in which transmission information (start time, transmission length) are included. ONU sends a REPORT (request) message in the upstream to the OLT at the end of its transmission to notify the OLT of its buffering queue status.

Problem Definition(Cont.)
Upstream
Request
(report change)

Problem Definition(Cont.)
Upstream(Cont.)
Grant
(allocate time slot)

Upstream traffic in EPON

Recommendation:G.984
Optical Distribution Network ODN class A: 5 - 20 dB loss ODN class B: 10 - 25 dB loss ODN class C: 15 - 30 dB loss

Access Node LT NB ...

ONU

CC
BB

...

ONU

LT
ONU

Recommendation: Amendments
ONT management and control interface specification ONUs managed by OLT via OMCI (ONT Management and Control Interface) ONU

Access Node
TDM ONU

NB BB

CC LT
TDMA

ONU

Recommendation:
Amendments : A broadband optical access system with increased service capability using dynamic bandwidth assignment

Time period 1 Time period 2 Time period 3

SBA: 2400 Mbps / 30 users = 80 Mbps / user DBA: 80 Mbps average; 2400 Mbps peak ONU

Access Node
ONU

NB
BB

CC LT
TDMA TDMA ONU

DBA: statistical multiplexing gain of PON BW

Recommendation:
A broadband optical access system with enhanced survivability ONU ONU ONU ONU

Access Node
NB BB LT

CC LT
ONU ONU

Protection against board - network failure Redundant network can be used to transmit low priority traffic

Encryption
Security Problem in Shared Media All downstream data is broadcast to all ONTs attached to the PON Malicious user can listen to all the downstream data from all the users Solution OLT encrypts each channel with a key that is known only to the target ONT Only the target ONT can decrypt the channels data
Problem: Data can be read by all ONTs

ONT-A OLT
Data (A) Data (B)

ONT-B
Encryption Key Transmission
Ke

ONT-A ONT-B ONT-A

Decrpt Data

OLT
K ey B

Data Encryption & Decryption

OLT

Data (Key-A) Data (Key-B)

y-

ONT-B

Decrpt Data

Comparison between GPON and EPON

1. GPON has Voice over packet for voice, Ethernet for Data and Proprietary encapsulation for Video. While EPON uses IP only to carry data, voice and Video. 2. Range: GPON offers higher and higher splits in comparison to . 3. EPON cost is much cheaper than GPON due to elimination of Multiple interface. 4. Encryption: GPON encryption is downstream only. EPON encryption is both down and up stream.
5. Both protocol support CATV on 1550nm

Comparison between GPON and EPON

GPON provides greater Bandwidth GPON implements asymmetrical system for better cost optimization GPON is more bandwidth efficient GPON supports ONT Tx Power level control for better performance Inherent QoS capabilities in GPON GPON supports FEC for superior performance Encryption capabilities for downstream data in GPON GPON system provides larger distance between ONT and OLT

ONT Types & Applications

Applications

Applications
Commercial VPLAN (B-ONU) CAT-I POTS 4 E1 10/100BT PBX Ethernet 4 E1 STM1 CPE replacement 4 RF Video * 1

Residential - H-ONT Internet Browsing POTS 2 Basic Telephony Ethernet 10/100BT 1 RFCable VideoTV * 1 IP TV

Basic Telephony
Cable TV, IP TV

Applications
SOHO/Commercial Internet Access - B-ONT POTS 4 VPLAN Ethernet 10/100BT 4 RF Basic Video Telephony * 1

Applications VPLAN (B-ONU) CAT-II Commercial Ethernet GigE 1 Internet Access E1 4 E1 RF Video * 1 IP DSLAM interface Cable TV, IP TV

Cable TV, IP TV

Application Areas Business Customers

Applicable ONT Types:

B-ONT B-ONU Cat I B-ONU Cat II

Application Areas Business / High end Residential Customers

Applicable ONT Types:

H-ONT B-ONT B-ONU Cat I

B-ONU Cat II

Application Areas Business/Residential Customers

Applicable ONT Types:

H-ONT B-ONT

Application Areas Residential SFU Customers

Applicable ONT Types:

B-ONU Cat II

Application Areas Wireless Backhaul

Applicable ONT Types: B-ONU Cat I

Power Margins & Optics

THANKS