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OUTLINE
Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
OFDM-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission technique, which divides the available spectrum into many carriers, each one being modulated by a low rate data stream. OFDM uses the spectrum much more efficiently by spacing the channels much closer together. This is achieved by making all the carriers orthogonal to one another, preventing interference between the closely spaced carriers. NEED OF OFDMHigh bit rate needs are clumped by the nature of communication channels. Multi-path Propagation effects forbid increase of transmission rates.
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Orthogonal -Its bases are LPF and HPF associated with the scaling and wavelet functions eg. Daube-chies, Coiflets, Morlet and Meyer Wavelets Biorthogonal- They also have two duality functions for each scaling and wavelet function bior1.1, bior2.2, bior5.5, rbio1.1, rbio2.2 and rbio5.5
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Continuous Wavelet Transform Discrete Wavelet Transform Wavelet Packet Transform Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Wavelets are obtained from a single prototype wavelet called mother wavelet by dilations and shifting:
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Orthogonally multiplexed communication using orthonormal dyadic wavelet basis functions as the orthogonal signals on which QPSK sequences are placed.
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Least Square(LS) Channel Estimation finds the channel estimate ^H in such a way that the following cost function is minimized:
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Year Title Author Description
1995 (IEE E)
Building on multi dimensional signaling techniques, a multirate wavelet based modulation format is presented which can utilize existing channels designed for conventionai QAM.
A reconfigurable wavelet packet transceiver for spectral analysis and dynamic spectrum access is proposed.
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2011 (IEE E)
A Reconfigurable Wavelet Packet Filter Bank Transceiver for Spectral Analysis and Dynamic Spectrum Access
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Year
Title
Author
Description
2012 (SPIJ)
Proposed a novel OFDM system base on DT-CWT. In the proposed scheme, DT-CWT is used in the place of FFT. Compared performance LS and MMSE channel estimation for wavelet based ofdm system over AWGN channel.
2009 (IEEE)
Errors per Scale Statistics for a Wavelet OFDM Transmission in Flat Fading Channels
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Conventional OFDM
128
DWT OFDM
128(7-level non-uniform WP decomposition)
WPM OFDM
64(6-level non-uniform WP decomposition)
Not Applicable 0
-7 db
-7 db
-7 db
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PROBLEM FORMULATION
High peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR), requiring linear transmitter circuitry, which suffers from poor power efficiency. Loss of efficiency caused by Cyclic prefix/Guard interval Use of a rectangular window in FFT causes creation of sidelobes which leads to higher interference and lower performance levels.
With operations referred to as IDWPT/IDWT and DWPT/DWT analogous to IFFT and FFT we can get following improvementsHigh Spectral efficiency
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METHODOLOGY
Initialize OFDM Parameters
Baseband Modulation
Frame Formation.
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Communication channel
Receiver System
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Xk
VVECTOR TRANSPO SE
CD
DETAIL COEFFICIEN TS
xx
VVECTOR TRANSPOS E
ca
APPROXIMAT ED COEFFICIEN TS
Uk
0(0) 0(1)
0(N-1)
The model of DWTOFDM for substituting into the Inverse and Forward Transforms . Top: The synthesis filters(transmitter part). Bottom: The analysis filters (receiver part)
PARALLE L TO SERIAL
VVECTOR TRANSPOS E
cd
DETAIL COEFFICIEN TS
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0
Hest(N-1)
Hdft(N-1)
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IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
FOR WPM BASED OFDM IN RAYLEIGH CHANNEL BER Curve for 64 Channel WPM
10
0
WPM FFT
BER
10
-1
10
-2
10 12 SNR (dB)
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16
18
20
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plot showing that bit error decreases with increasing Signal to noise ratio Sym IFFT Haar
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
-5
-5
20
25
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plot showing that bit error decreases with increasing Signal to noise ratio SYM FFT HAAR
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
-5
-5
15
20
25
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10
-1
BER
10
-2
10
-3
-5
10 SNR (dB)
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20
25
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REFERENCES
Simon Plass ,Armin Dammann,Stefan Kaiser,Khaled Fazel Editors Proceedings from the 7th International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Systems & Solutions, May 2009, Herrsching, Germany, Springer Publications. Raghuveer M Rao and Ajit S Bopardikar, Wavelet Transforms-Introduction to Theory and Applications Addison Wesley Publications . Video Lectures on Wavelet Theory in course Titled Digital Voice and Picture communication by Prof. Somnath Sengupta IIT Kharagpur
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WEB REFERENCES
www.mathworks.com
Wavelet Processing Toolbox Dual Tree Complex Wavelets Nick Kingsbury Signal Processing Group, Dept. of Engineering,University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK. Email: ngk@eng.cam.ac.uk Web: www.eng.cam.ac.uk/ngk
www.wikipedia.com.
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THANKS
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