Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Present Value
A dollar paid to you one year from now is less valuable than a dollar paid to you today.
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CF PV n (1 i)
Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
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Yield to Maturity
The yield to maturity is the interest rate that equates the present value of cash flow payments received from a debt instrument with its value today.
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For simple loans, the simple interest rate equals the yield to maturity
Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
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FP FP FP LV ... 2 n 1 i (1 i) (1 i)
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C C C C F P ... 2 3 n 1 i (1 i) (1 i) (1 i) (1 i)n
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Consol or Perpetuity
A bond with no maturity date that does not repay principal but pays fixed coupon payments forever.
C Pc ic Pc price of the consol C yearly interest payment ic yield to maturity of the consol C Can rewrite the above equation as : ic Pc
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F= face value
P= purchase price
Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
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Rate of Return
C Pt 1 Pt RET Pt Pt RET return from holding the bond from time t to t 1 Pt price of bond at time t Pt 1 price of the bond at time t 1 C coupon payment C current yield ic Pt Pt 1 Pt rate of capital gain g Pt
Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
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Even if a bond has a substantial initial interest rate, its return can be negative if interest rates rise.
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Interest-Rate Risk
Prices and returns for long-term bonds are more volatile than those for shorter-term bonds. There is no interest-rate risk for any bond whose time to maturity matches the holding period.
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Fisher Equation
i ir e
When the real interest rate is low, there are greater incentives to borrow.
Low interest rates reduces the incentives to lend. The real interest rate is a better indicator of the incentives to borrow or lend.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
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Indexed Bonds
December 10, 1991, when the government of Canada began to issue indexed bonds. Indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted for changes in the price level
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