A New Technical Approach of

High Performance Concrete using

Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in Cementitious
Blend Materials

(Study on Abrasion resistance and water permeability and

Thermal Properties)
R.B. Shivali, Senior Research Officer
CSMRS, New Delhi
Presently Dy. Chief Engineer
Salma Dam Project, Afghanistan
and
Dr. D. Goldar, Former Principal
Delhi College of Engineering, New Delhi
 INTRODUCTION

● High performance concrete adopted for its increased

compressive strength, improved durability & economic
benefits and also for its positive impact on the
environment.
● As strength and durability requirements of concrete for
that concrete which satisfies a range of durability and
other quality requirements, besides high strength.
● This improvement is both physical and chemical.
● The ggbs, or flyash improve the cement packing and the
rice husk ash acts as a micro-filler in the space between
the cement particles.
● The rice husk ash, being ultra fine and very high in
reactive silicon dioxide reacts first, and fast.
● The ggbs and flyash react much slower, but over a
period of time rice husk ash enhances the reaction
effect.
 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE

● Many projects face many problems,

such as cracking, seepage, abrasiveness
and cracking due to thermal stresses.

● As such a very good solution is the use

of “A New Technical Approach of
High Performance Concrete using Rice
Husk Ash (RHA) in Cementitious Blend
Materials” using Portland cement, ggbs,
flyash and rice husk ash with super
plasticizers/admixtures in suitable
doses
 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK

● Three concrete mixes were prepared with different

water cementitious ratios (w/c) varying from 0.22 to
0.30.
Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=40: 30: 30
Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=30: 35: 35
Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=20: 40: 40
● The addition of rice husk ash ranged from 8 to 15 % by
mass of cement with super plasticizers/admixtures in
suitable doses.
● Cubes and cylinders were cast to determine
compressive strength, flexural strength, Non- destructive
tests, abrasion-erosion resistance, permeability, and
modulus of elasticity at age of 28 and 56 days.
● In this paper, based on experiment of above tests only,
the conventional and 10%RHA details of abrasion-
erosion loss, the value of Coefficient of permeability
and thermal properties behavioral parameters have been
reported.
 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Materials
Cement- Ordinary Portland cement, 43 Grade (ACC brand).

Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (ggbs)- This is from

steel factory Visakhapatanam, Andhra Pradesh.

Flyash- Flyash obtained from Badarpur - Dadri Thermal Power

Plant.

Rice Husk Ash (RHA) – M/s N.K.Enterprises and Shree Shree

Goursunder Rice & Oil Mills, Jharsuguda, Orissa.

Aggregates- Natural River sand and crushed coarse aggregate

obtained from the crushing plant at Badarpur-U.P.

Superplasticizer- High range water reducing admixtures

(HRWRA), Glenium B233 from MBT and Sikament 600N from
Sika Qualcrete Pvt. Ltd.
 Experimental investigations are carried out by various measures to
establish the performance of concrete incorporating the “Cementitious
Blend Materials” in respect of reducing cement content, lowering
temperature rise due to hydration, minimizing cracking of mass
concrete, produce and enhancing early age and induction of high
strength, quality and durability of hydraulic concrete structures.

 Cementitious Blend Materials - The amount of ggbs and flyash to

be added to maintaining the compressive strength higher than that of
conventional concrete, the ggbs (30%) & flyash (30%) content should
be used to directly to replace the Cementitious (40%=30% portland
cemen+10% RHA). To this end, by keeping the water cementitious
ratio and maintaining an approximately equal workability, the mix
proportions were determined.

 The ultra fine particle size and high reactive silicon dioxide content
of Rice Husk Ash brings up the potential of being much more reactive
than the other supplementary cementitious materials. The combined
effects of Cementitious Blend Materials can significantly reduce
bleeding and segregation of the mixture. Because of its higher surface
area, rice husk ash concrete may require a higher water demand for
which HRWRA is used. The rice husk ash reacts with alkali (calcium
hydroxide) in the cement which controls the alkali aggregate reaction
in concrete.
 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

Specimens:
Cube specimens of 150 mm (5.91 in.) size, cylinder
specimens of diameter 100 mm (3.94 in.) and height of 200
mm (7.87 in.) and of diameter 295 mm (11.6 in.) and height of
100 mm (3.94 in.) were cast.

Items of Investigation/Test:
a. At the age of 56 days, the concrete cylinders were tested to
determine the Abrasion loss value over a period of 72 hours.
b. At the age of 56 days, the concrete cube specimens were
tested to determine permeability to water, over a period of
168 hours, after achieving the equilibrium stage.
c. At the age of 28 and 56 days, the concrete cylinders were
tested to determine the thermal properties (Thermal
Conductivity, Specific heat and Diffusivity)

Equipment used:
a. Abrasion-Erosion Test as per ASTM C-1138-1997.
b. Permeability test as per IS: 3085-1965.
c. Thermal properties as per ASTM standard
 ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION
Under Water Abrasion –Erosion loss as per ASTM C-1138-1997

The mass of the specimen in air and in water are determined before and after
the test and the average depth of water calculated at the end of any time
increment of testing based on the volume of abraded materials. It is calculated
as follows:

ADA1 = VL/ A (1)

Where,
ADA1 = Average depth of abrasion at the end of the test increment in m
A = Area of top of specimen in m2
VL = Volume of material lost during the test in m3
VL = V1-V2
V1 = Volume of specimen before testing in m3
V2 = Volume of specimen at the end of the test increment in m3

The abrasion loss is also calculated by the following equation

L = (Mi – Mf)/ Mi (2)

Where,
L = Abrasion-erosion loss percent by mass
Mi = Mass of the surface-dry specimen in kg. before test, and
Mf = Mass of the surface-dry specimen in kg. after test.
Permeability test as per IS: 3085-1965

The value of Coefficient of Permeability is

determined to calculate as follows:

k= Q/{AT(H/ L)} (3)

Where,
k= Coefficient of Permeability in cm/sec.
Q= Quantity of water in milliliters percolating over
the entire period of test after the steady state
has been reached
A= Area of the specimen face in cm2
T= Time in seconds over which Q is measured
H= Pressure head in kg/ cm2
L= Thickness of specimen in cm
Thermal properties as per ASTM standard

Thermal conductivity:
Thermal conductivity of concrete varies with temperature, the
variation being linear through the normal range of temperature.

The formula for conductivity of cylindrical specimen is given by

q [log e (b/a)]
K= ------------------- (4)
2π L (θ a-θ b)

Where,

K= Thermal Conductivity of the concrete specimen expressed in

Cal/sec/cm/0C
q= Rate of flow of heat in Cal/sec
a= Internal radius of hollow cylinder in cm
b= External radius of hollow cylinder in cm
θ a=Temperature of radius a in 0C
θ b=Temperature of radius b in 0C
L = Length of cylinder in cm
 Specific Heat

Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the

temperature of a unit mass of the material at 10C. The
specific heat of concrete varies with temperature, the
variation being linear through the normal range of
temperature.

To calculate the temperature rise, the test is divided into

three periods:

The initial period from Ti to To

The heating period from To to Ta and
The final period from Ta to Tf
The temperature rise = Ta-To +Tc
Where,
Tc is a correction factor sign of the temperature drift per
interval during the heating period, calculated from the
drifts determined during the initial and final periods
 Diffusivity

Diffusivity is an index of the facility with

which a material will undergo temperature
change. Diffusivity was computed from
Conductivity, specific heat and density using
the relation:

Diffusivity = K/ (Cρ ) (5)

Where,

K= Thermal conductivity of concrete

C= Specific Heat of concrete
ρ = Unit weight of saturated concrete
 RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
Comparison of Abrasion Loss value:
Based on experimental results, the Abrasion-Erosion loss values of
three mixes (Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=40: 30:30, 30: 35:35 and
20:40:40) for conventional as well 10% RHA with different
w/cementitious (w/c) ratio are shown in the Table 1-3 and graphs
plotted accordingly are also shown in the Figures 1-6.

Comparison of Permeability value:

The Coefficient of Permeability values of three mixes (Cementitious:
flyash: ggbs=40: 30:30, 30: 35:35 and 20:40:40) for conventional as
well 10% RHA with different w/cementitious (w/c) ratio are shown in
the Table 4-6 and plotted graphs accordingly are shown in the Figures
7-12.

Comparison of Thermal properties:

The Thermal properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat and
diffusivity) of three mixes (Cementitious:flyash: ggbs=40: 30:30, 30:
35:35 and 20:40:40) for conventional as well 10% RHA with different
w/cementitious (w/c) ratio are shown in the Table 7-10 ands plotted
graphs are also shown in the Figures 13-18.

The best results gained by using 10% Rice Husk Ash with cement,
ggbs and flyash replacement by 30 % each at w/cementitious (w/c)
ratio of 0.22
 Abrasion Loss
Table1: Abrasion loss value after 72 Hours (at 12 hr. interval) of concrete mix using
cement, flyash and ggbs with rice husk ash

Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=40:30:30

Time At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30

(hrs.)
Conventio- 10% RHA Conventio- 10% RHA Conventio- 10% RHA
nal Abrasion Abrasion nal Abrasion Abrasion nal Abrasion Abrasion
Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%)

12 0.130 0.090 0.175 0.120 0.216 0.150

24 0.230 0.160 0.285 0.215 0.346 0.258

36 0.305 0.210 0.375 0.285 0.451 0.346

48 0.365 0.245 0.445 0.335 0.528 0.409

60 0.410 0.270 0.500 0.370 0.597 0.452

72 0.445 0.289 0.538 0.390 0.645 0.485

Abrasion Loss
Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 40:30:30

Abrasion Loss Value

0.7
0.6
Abrasion Loss (%)

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2 Conventional at w/c=0.22
0.1 Conventional at w/c=0.26
Conventional at w/c=0.30
0.0
0 20 40 60 80
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 1
 Abrasion Loss Value
0.6

0.5
Abrasion Loss (%)

0.4

0.3

0.2

Abrassion loss with 10% RHA at w/c=0.22

0.1
Abrassion loss with 10% RHA at w/c=0.26
Abrassion loss with 10% RHA at w/c=0.30
0.0
0 20 40 60 80
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 2
Table2: Abrasion loss value after 72 Hours (at 12 hr. interval)
of concrete mix using cement, flyash and ggbs with
rice husk ash
Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=30:35:35

Time At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30

(hrs.) Conventi- 10% RHA Conventi- 10% RHA Conventi- 10% RHA
onal Abrasion onal Abrasion onal Abrasion
Abrasion Abrasion Abrasion
Loss(%) Loss(%) Loss(%)
Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%)

12 0.172 0.106 0.211 0.13 0.253 0.155

24 0.252 0.167 0.315 0.210 0.377 0.252

36 0.329 0.219 0.400 0.280 0.471 0.332

48 0.394 0.268 0.485 0.340 0.565 0.410

60 0.449 0.298 0.547 0.391 0.640 0.475

72 0.500 0.315 0.600 0.430 0.705 0.525

Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 30:35:35

Abrasion Loss Value

0.8
0.7
Abrasion Loss (%)

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2 Conventional loss at w/c=0.22
0.1 Conventional loss at w/c=0.26
Conventional loss at w/c=0.30
0
0 20 40 60 80
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 3
 Abrasion Loss Value
0.6
Abrasion Loss (%)

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 Abrasion loss with 10%RHAat w/c=0.22

Abrasion loss with 10%RHAat w/c=0.26
Abrasion loss with 10%RHAat w/c=0.30
0
0 20 40 60 80
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 4
Table3 : Abrasion loss value after 72 Hours (at 12 hr. interval)
of concrete mix using cement, flyash and ggbs with
rice husk ash
Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=20:40:40

Time At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30

(hrs.) Conventi- 10% RHA Conventi- 10% RHA Conventi- 10% RHA
onal Abrasion onal Abrasion onal Abrasion
Abrasion Abrasion Abrasion
Loss(%) Loss(%) Loss(%)
Loss (%) Loss (%) Loss (%)
12 0.190 0.126 0.230 0.150 0.267 0.185

24 0.283 0.192 0.348 0.242 0.395 0.283

36 0.365 0.251 0.445 0.321 0.512 0.373

48 0.435 0.305 0.529 0.389 0.616 0.459

60 0.495 0.348 0.609 0.450 0.711 0.535

72 0.546 0.388 0.679 0.500 0.801 0.595

Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 20:40:40

Abrasion Loss Value

1.0
Abrasion Loss (%)

0.8

0.6

0.4
Conventional loss at w/c=0.22
0.2
Conventional loss at w/c=0.26
Conventional loss at w/c=0.30
0.0
0 20 40 60 80
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 5
 Abrasion Loss Value
0.7
0.6
Abrasion Loss (%)

0.5

0.4
0.3
0.2
Abrasion loss with 10% RHA at w/c=0.22
0.1 Abrasion loss with 10% RHA at w/c=0.26
Abrasion loss with 10% RHA at w/c=0.30
0
0 20 40 60 80
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 6
 Permeability (Coeff. of Permeability)
Table4: Permeability value after 168 Hours (at 24 hr. interval) of
concrete
Pressure Head=15Kg/cm2
Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=40:30:30
Test At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30
Duratio
Convent. 10% RHA Convent. 10% RHA Convent. 10% RHA
n
Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative
(Hrs)
Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of
Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability

m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec.

*10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12

24 0.336 0.233 0.423 0.28 0.52 0.335

48 0.498 0.341 0.584 0.403 0.693 0.48
72 0.623 0.431 0.707 0.504 0.86 0.585
96 0.733 0.511 0.837 0.591 0.968 0.67
120 0.824 0.60 0.933 0.68 1.055 0.75
144 0.91 0.66 1.016 0.742 1.13 0.807
168 0.966 0.698 1.08 0.776 1.191 0.85
 Permeability (Coeff. of Permeability)
Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=40:30:30

Coef. of Permeability Development of

Conventional Concrete at different w/c
1.4
Coef. of Permeability

1.2
m/sec.

1
0.8
0.6
-12

Conventional at w/c=0.22
*10

0.4
0.2 Conventional at w/c=0.26
Conventional at w/c=0.30
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 7
 Coef. of Permeability Development of
10% RHA based Concrete at different w/c ratio w/c
1
Coef. of Permeability

0.8
*10-12 m/sec.

0.6
0.4
10% RHA at w/c=0.22
0.2 10% RHA at w/c=0.26
10% RHA at w/c=0.30
0
0 50 100 150 200
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 8
Table5: Permeability value after 168 Hours (at 24 hr. interval) of
concrete mix using cement, flyash and ggbs with rice
husk ash

Concrete mix: Cementitious : flyash: ggbs=30:35:35

Test At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30
Duratio
n Convent. 10% RHA Convent. 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA
(Hrs) Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative
Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of
Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability

m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec.

*10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12

24 0.442 0.32 0.528 0.395 0.62 0.48

48 0.592 0.462 0.715 0.547 0.82 0.615
72 0.76 0.59 0.888 0.67 1.01 0.742
96 0.925 0.694 1.05 0.77 1.176 0.84
120 1.067 0.77 1.188 0.86 1.307 0.92
144 1.189 0.84 1.32 0.92 1.413 0.985
168 1.258 0.897 1.38 0.957 1.494 1.032
Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 30:35:35

Coef. of Permeability Development of

Conventional Concrete at different w/c
1.6
Coef. of Permeability

1.4
1.2
m/sec.

1
0.8
-12

0.6
*10

0.4 Conventional at w/c=0.22

0.2 Conventional at w/c=0.26
Conventional at w/c=0.30
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 9
 Coef. of Permeability D evelop ment of
10% RH A based Concrete at different w /c ratio w /c
1 .2
1
Coef. of Permeability

0 .8
*10 -12 m/sec.

0 .6
0 .4
10% RH A at w /c =0.22
0 .2 10% RH A at w /c =0.26
10% RH A c at w /c =0.30
0
0 25 50 75 10 0 12 5 150 175 20 0
T im e (Hrs.)

Fig. 10
 Table6: Permeability value after 168 Hours (at 24 hr. interval) of
concrete mix using cement, flyash and ggbs with rice husk
ash
Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=20:40:40

Test At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30

Duratio
n Convent. 10% RHA Convent. 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA
(Hrs) Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative
Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of Coef. of
Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability Permeability

m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec. m/sec.

*10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12 *10-12

24 0.508 0.357 0.644 0.43 0.79 0.50

48 0.69 0.496 0.85 0.578 1.02 0.65
72 0.87 0.606 1.059 0.675 1.22 0.749
96 1.04 0.714 1.22 0.80 1.378 0.87
120 1.228 0.82 1.38 0.90 1.538 0.96
144 1.36 0.89 1.53 0.965 1.657 1.03
168 1.48 0.939 1.591 1.009 1.73 1.08
Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 20:40:40

Coef. of Permeability Development of

Conventional Concrete at different w/c
2
Coef. of Permeability

1.5
*10 -12 m/sec.

0.5 Conventional at w/c=0.22

Conventional at w/c=0.26
Conventional at w/c=0.30
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
T ime (Hrs.)

Fig. 11
 Coef. of Permeability Development of
10% RHA based Concrete at different w/c ratio w/c
1.2
1
Coef. of Permeability

0.8
*10 -12 m/sec.

0.6
0.4
10% RHA at w/c=0.22
0.2 10% RHA at w/c=0.26
10% RHA at w/c=0.30
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Time (Hrs.)

Fig. 12
 Thermal Properties

Table7: Thermal conductivity test of concrete mix using

cement, flyash and ggbs with rice husk ash

Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=40:30:30

Time At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30
(Day)
Conventional 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA Conventional 10%RHA
Thermal Thermal Thermal Thermal
Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity conductivity conductivity
conductivity conductivity
Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0 Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0 Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0
C C C

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 1.830 1.770 1.7503 1.7134 1.700 1.660

56 1.780 1.730 1.7034 1.6641 1.6200 1.590

 Thermal Properties
Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 40:30:30

Thermal Conductivity(Joule/m/sec/0C)
Development of Conventional Concrete at different w/c
2
1.8
Thermal Conductivity

1.6
(Joule/m/sec/0C)

1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
Conventional Th. Conductivity at w/c=0.22
0.4
Conventional Th. Conductivity at w/c=0.26
0.2 Conventional Th. Conductivity at w/c=0.30
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Age in Days

Fig. 13
 Thermal Conductivity (Joule/m/sec/0C) Development of
10% RHA based Concrete at different w/c ratio
2
Thermal Conductivity

1.5
(Joule/m/sec/0 C)

0.5 T h. Conductivity with 10% RHA at w/c=0.22

T h. Conductivity with 10% RHA at w/c=0.26
T h. Conductivity with 10% RHA at w/c=0.30
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Age in Days

Fig. 14
 Table8: Thermal conductivity test of concrete mix using
cement, flyash and ggbs with rice husk ash

Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=30:35: 35

Time At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30

(Day)
Conventional 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA
Thermal Thermal Thermal Thermal
Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity conductivity conductivity
conductivity conductivity
Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0 Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0 Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0C
C C

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 1.810 1.770 1.7412 1.6931 1.6900 1.630

56 1.730 1.690 1.6874 1.6382 1.6100 1.570

Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 30:35:35

Thermal Conductivity(Joule/m/sec/0 C)
Development of Conventional Concrete at different w/c
2
Thermal Conductivity

1.5
(Joule/m/sec/0C)

0.5 Conventional Th. Coductivity at w/c=0.22

Conventional Th. Coductivity at w/c=0.26
Conventional Th. Coductivity at w/c=0.30
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Age in Days

Fig. 15
 C
Thermal Conductivity (Joule/m/sec/0) Develop ment of
10% RHA based Concrete at different w/c ratio
2
1.8
1.6
Thermal Conductivity
(Joule/m/sec/0 C)

1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4 T h. Coduct ivit y wit h RHA at w/c=0.22
T h. Coduct ivit y wit h RHA at w/c=0.26
0.2 T h. Coduct ivit y wit h RHA at w/c=0.30
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Age in Day s

Fig. 16
 Table9:Thermal conductivity test of concrete mix using
cement, flyash and ggbs with rice husk ash

Concrete mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs=20:40:40

Time At w/c=0.22 At w/c=0.26 At w/c=0.30

(Day)

Conventional 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA Conventional 10% RHA

Thermal Thermal Thermal Thermal
Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity conductivity conductivity
conductivity conductivity

Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0 Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0 Joule/m/sec/0C Joule/m/sec/0

C C C

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 1.7601 1.730 1.710 1.6778 1.640 1.620

56 1.7001 1.680 1.6681 1.6189 1.6100 1.570

Concrete Mix: Cementitious: flyash: ggbs = 20:40:40

C
Thermal Conductivity (Joule/m/sec/0)
Develop ment of Conventional Concrete at different w/c
2
Thermal Conductivity

1.5
(Joule/m/sec/0 C)

0.5 Conventional T h. Conuctivit y at w/c =0.22

Conventional T h. Conuctivit y at w/c =0.26
Conventional T h. Conuctivit y at w/c =0.30
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Age in Day s

Fig. 17
 C
T hermal Conductivity (Joule/m/sec/0
) Develop ment of
10% RHA based Concrete at different w/c ratio
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
Thermal Conductivity
(Joule/m/sec/0 C)

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
T h. Conduct ivit y wit h 10% RHA at w/c=0.22
0.4 T h. Conduct ivit y wit h 10% RHA at w/c=0.26
0.2 T h. Conduct ivit y wit h 10% RHA at w/c=0.30
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Age in Day s

Fig. 18
Table10: Specific heat and diffusivity of concrete mix
using cement, flyash and ggbs with rice husk
ash

Concrete mix w/c Specific heat Diffusivity

ratio (Joule/kg/0C) (m2/hr)
Conventional 10% Conventional 10%
RHA RHA
Cementitious: flyash: ggbs 0.22 1017 930 0.00175 0.00141
= 40:30:30
0.26 1010 921 0.00152 0.0012
0.30 1002 918 0.00129 0.0010
Cementitious: flyash: ggbs 0.22 1012 822 0.00145 0.0011
= 30:35:35
0.26 1009 919 0.0012 0.00097
0.30 986 910 0.00102 0.0009
Cementitious: flyash: ggbs 0.22 1000 912 0.00126 0.00098
= 20:40:40
0.26 992 908 0.0011 0.0009
0.30 985 896 0.001 0.00085
 CONCLUSION

These results of tests carried out by “A New Technical

Approach of High Performance Concrete using Rice
Husk Ash (RHA) in Cementitious Blend Materials”
indicate that concretes of greatly reduced abrasion
value and permeability at age of 56 days and the best
results achieved by using 10% rice husk ash with w/c
ratio at 0.22 as compared to conventional concrete mix
and other w/c ratio of 0.26 and 0.30 though a minor
change in the blend of materials having more quantity
of fine aggregate than coarse aggregate for the
concrete mix (cementitious:flyash:ggbs=40:30:30) as
compare to other mixes (cementitious:flyash: ggbs=30:
35:35 and cementitious: flyash: ggbs=20:40:40). The
thermal properties at age of 28 & 56 days obtained also
show the thermal conductivity, specific heat and
diffusivity in the approachable manner. This is probably
due to a better mix distribution. Since the cement
content is drastically reduced by using such
combination the proposal is economically viable.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to express their gratitude and

sincere appreciation to Sh. N.P.Singhania, CEO for
N.K.Enterprises and Shree Shree Goursunder Rice &
Oil Mills, Jharsuguda, Orissa for providing Rice Husk
Ash, cement and his guidance.

Gratitude is also expressed to Sika and MBT Cos. for

super plasticizers/admixtures.

The authors also wish to express special gratitude

and appreciation to Deptt. of CSMRS for testing
equipments and facilities. Gratitude is also expressed
to Sh. P.K.Jha, S.R.O. in-charge and Sh. Raj Kumar,
RO, Sh. S.N.Singh and Sh. Vinod Naudiyal sub-in-
charge of Permeability, Abrasion erosion resistance
and Thermal conductivity testing equipment for
providing the laboratory facilities and gratitude is
also due to Sh.Ram Niwas, Sh.Rakesh and
Sh.Bhuwan Chand who helped for casting, testing of
samples as and when called in laboratories to make
success.