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Field Measurements
& Propagation Model Tuning
David Pearson (Business Development Director)
Jorry Janssen (General Manager Benelux)
Martin Wright (Technical Project Leader)
26th September 2001
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Agenda
CDS Introduction
Field Measurements and Propagation Model Tuning
Other UMTS Services
Requirements
CDS Introduction
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Field Measurements
& Propagation Model Tuning
Background
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Overview
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Motivation
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Scope Of Tests
Choice of Routes
Drive Route Configuration
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Furthest location at minimum useful signal level (15dB above receiver noise floor)
2 km
1
3 x
750m
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Calibration
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Equipment Calibration
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P R PT LT GT L G R LR
Cellular Design Services Ltd., 2001
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LOS Calibration
Advantage that factors combined into a single direct measurement, thus reducing measurement
uncertainty.
Open air test range measurements
Monthly interim calibrations
Campaign start & end calibrations
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Measurement Equipment
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Transmit
Tx Antenna:
Transmitter:
Feeder:
Power Meter:
Receive
Receiver:
Watkins Johnson 8607 Miniceptor
Receive Band: 20-3000MHz
IF Bandwidth:
25kHz
Dynamic Range: -20 to -125dBm (Approx)
Scan Rate:
150 samples/second (Approx.)
Basic Accuracy: +-1dB Typical
Receive Antenna:
Panorama UMTS ( 0dBd)
Note; Several receivers types are available, this represents a typical specification.
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Sampling Rates
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Distance [m]
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Data processed into ASCII tab delimited file formats suitable for
loading directly into planning tool ( Odyssey lon-lat format, )
All information delivered in an electronic report format
Self contained dataset, all information needed to use the
measurement data, included electronically.
Delivered in indexed web based HTML format, for ease of
access. Viewed with any internet browser.
Cumulative datasets, reports issued weekly on CD, with final
report containing all data for whole measurement campaign.
Option of setting up secure web access to allow direct remote
retrieval of survey reports.
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High precision CW
measurements in different
clutter types
Dense drive routes
Provides accurate
measurement data for
model optimisation
Must be accurate: 1dB error
corresponds to around 10%
more sites!
Processing matched to
intended terrain and clutter
databases (N.B. 40 = 6m @
2GHz)
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PR 1 k
n
PT L r
In decibels:
n and k depend on:
Frequency
Environment
Antenna Heights
Very Roughly:
L 10n log r K
PR 1
k
PT L
2
hm hb
4 2
r fc
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Okumura-Hata Model
LdB = A + B log d km - E ;
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LdB
LdB
Urban
= A + B log d km - C;
Suburban
= A + B log d km - D; Open
A = 6955
. + 2616
. log f MHz - 1382
. log hb ;
B = 449
. - 6.55log hb ;
2
E = 32
. (log(1175
. hm)) - 4.97; for largecities, f MHz 300MHz
2
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Model Tuning
Process
C W D a ta
P r e d ic tio n
M odel
Yes
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Is F ilt e r in g
N e c e s s a ry ?
P e rfo rm
A p p r o p r ia te
F ilt e r in g
N o
Change M odel
P a r a m e te r
D ocum ent
C hange
Analyse
Performance
U s e 'C W
M e a s u re m e n ts ...'
A n a ly s is T o o ls
N o
A n a ly s e R e s u lt s
E rro r
S a t is f a c t o r ily
Low?
Yes
G o to N e x t
P a r a m e te r
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Reveal Plot
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Reveal Function
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File Formats
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File
Summary
Overall
Summary
Clutter
Summary
Bin
Information
30
6000
4000
3000
4152
2838
2838
2461
1581
2000
1000
5008
4956
5000
B ins
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365
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Clutter Type
Cellular Design Services Ltd., 2001
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Tuning Performance
Model
Mean
Error
RMS
Error
Standard
Deviation
Calibrated
8.4
8.4
Non-calibrated
-0.6
10.8
10.8
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Final Result
6000
5000
4000
Number of Bins
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3000
2000
1000
0
-48 -44 -40 -36 -32 -28 -24 -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
-1000
Error (dB)
Calibrated
Non-Calibrated
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Conclusions
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And Finally..
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Cautions:
A propagation model is only as good as...
The theory behind it: Requires knowledge of statistics and
propagation
The results interpreted from it : Requires a knowledge of
propagation and probability
The user who uses it : requires a knowledge of model
limitations.
Remember: Anyone can get information out of a planning tool the question is how valid is the information obtained!!!
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In-building Measurements
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System
Solution
with
Required
QoS
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In-building Environment
Models available
Problem:
Long data input
process
Very dependent on
interior geometry
Highly variable in both
space and time
Inadequate confidence
even for 2G designs
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Questions
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